This case note analyses the jurisdictional, procedural and substantive implications of human rights duties in the context of environmental protection as devised by the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights in its Advisory Opinion OC‐23/17 of 15 November 2017 concerning State obligations on the environment, in the context of the rights to life and to personal integrity.

RESUMEN El presente documento recopila, describe y analiza el recorrido del reciente proceso de negociaciones del Gobierno colombiano con la Guerrilla de las FARC, desde sus inicios, la primera versión del acuerdo, su plebiscito, la victoria del No y las propuestas de

This article analyses the growing resistance to judgments of the International Court of Justice arising out of domestic law in Latin America, through a study of challenges to the authority of the Court’s judgments regarding territorial and maritime delimitation in the region. These challenges are based upon the ‘territory clauses’ found in many Latin American constitutions, which were used to set national boundaries following colonial independence. Territory clauses that once developed international law doctrines such as uti possidetis iuris are now being used against prevailing international law rules, in a process described in this article as ‘constitutional resistance’. This article explains the nature of ‘territory clauses’ in Latin America, i.e., clauses that constitutionally define the national territory in reference to international law. It then describes the process of ‘constitutional resistance’, by which local authorities have used these clauses to oppose ICJ judgments, leading to various results, such as non-appearance in further proceedings, constitutionalizing exclusively favourable judgments, deferring the implementation of a judgment to the Constitutional Court or implementing only certain ICJ judgments, while creating legal barriers to the implementation of judgments that, in the State’s view, negatively affect their territory. These challenges based on territory clauses are studied through prominent ICJ cases involving Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Colombia. The article also explores how the lack of a strong territory clause eased the implementation of the Peru v. Chile judgment, and how the recent non-appearance of Venezuela in its current ICJ proceedings with Guyana, is partly based on constitutional justifications.

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El artículo explora la interacción entre los estándares nacionales e internacionales de la Corte Penal Internacional en la implementación de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, particu­larmente en su determinación de hechos y conductas. Primero, se analizan algunas características estatutarias de la JEP. Posteriormente, se analiza si su marco normativo desafía los estándares inter­nacionales y si su implementación fundamenta una colisión de la CPI con Colombia, pese al cierre del examen preliminar en materia de sanciones reparadoras, trato diferenciado y responsabilidad de mando. Finalmente, analiza el Auto 019 de 2021 para demostrar cómo una de las salas de la JEP se basa en la aplicación de la jurisprudencia internacional para atribuir responsabilidad penal a los máximos dirigentes de las FARC-EP por crímenes de guerra y de lesa humanidad.