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An experiment manipulating both reward-magnitude contrast and delay of reinforcement is reported. The results indicated that odor cues are produced under conditions of delayed large-reward versus nonreward contrast but not under large- versus small-reward contrast. Additional magnitude and delay manipulations that resulted in the elimination of odor-based double-alternation patterning in the straight runway are presented.

Two experiments examined the relationship between number of training trials in a runway, various segments of the instrumental response, and effects of magnitude of reward. In each, separate groups of rats received 120 training trials with large and small rewards, respectively. Results of both experiments indicated that significant effects of magnitude were established and persisted in the start and run measures. Transitory effects of magnitude were shown in the goal measures of both experiments.