Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is often diagnosed and treated in the perinatal period. Recurrence is a known complication that may very rarely occur years after the operation. We report here the case of a patient who had an operation for a CDH at birth that then recurred in adulthood. Given the risk of complications and the symptomatology of the patient, we decided to treat the patient surgically. We successfully performed a video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) procedure during which we reduced the hernia and closed the breach. Given the recurrent nature of the hernia, we decided to reinforce the repair with a mesh.

T cells are key effectors of our immune response against tumors and exert their antitumor effects upon recognizing a variety of tumor-specific peptides presented by HLA molecules on the surface of tumor cells. The identification of the tumor-specific antigens of a given tumor is not required for immune checkpoint therapy, which mainly reactivates existing tumor-specific T cells together with T cells of unknown specificities. To decrease the activation of non tumor-specific T cells, active or passive immunizations against tumor-specific antigens are considered. These immunizations require the identification of at least some of the tumor-specific antigens displayed on the tumor cells of a patient. While this has become an easy task for tumors with a large number of mutations generating neoantigens, it remains difficult for the remainder. Here, we review both some facts about human tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens, as well as some hopes for their future use in cancer immunotherapy.