A monsoon flood often happens on a huge scale on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and has an immediate impact on the community. This article explores the community reconstruction orientation of the victims of the disaster of a post-monsoon flood in Malaysia. The study was carried out using an exploratory case study design on nine flood victims in Pahang, Malaysia. These informants were chosen by using purposive sampling, and data were gathered using the interview and observation methods. This study found three forms of community reconstruction orientation: (1) self-orientation, (2) family orientation, and (3) community orientation. Each orientation can be observed in a context through a participation indicator element, such as priority and commitment; readiness, knowledge, and skill; and social routine. A reconstruction effort from all parties ought to consider these orientations to avoid negative effects on the community. Thus, this study suggests that a partnership approach should be applied in the future to carry out community reconstruction. However, the findings cannot be generalized since it was a preliminary study.

No abstract

Flood is a routine disaster encountered by the people in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. However, there were no specific studies that observed the elements of community resilience by which a strategy can be drawn up to help disaster victims. With this in mind, this study was conducted to explain the reality of community resilience in the context of community capitals. A total of 361 heads of household (HoH) from three states of Malaysia, namely Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan were selected as research subjects by using the purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed by means of the descriptive and inferential statistics (MANOVA and ANOVA). The analysis reveals three main findings: i) The level of community resilience among respondents is mostly moderate for three dimensions of community resilience; ii) the differentiation of community resilience according to different community capitals; and iii) the differentiation of community resilience based on different states (Roy’s Largest Root = 0.04, F (4.516) = 3.00, p <0.004), with respondents from Kelantan showing the highest result in dimensions of recovery (df = 2, 80.846, P = .037 <.05). This paper provides three key recommendations based on the findings: i) the need to enhance the existing capacity of community capitals; ii) to emancipate ‘social routines’; and iii) to encompass the other community capitals for the future research.Keywords: Community resilience, community capital, flood disaster, social routine, capacity building.Cite as: Amir Zal, W.A. (2018). Ketahanan komuniti mangsa bencana banjir di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia dalam konteks modal komuniti [Community resilience among flood victims in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia in the context of community capitals]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2),41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp41-53 ABSTRAKBencana banjir merupakan bencana rutin yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat di Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Namun demikian, tidak ada kajian khusus yang meneliti elemen ketahanan komuniti yang mana melaluinya boleh dirangka strategi untuk membantu mangsa bencana tersebut. Berasaskan permasalahan tersebut, makalah memberi tumpuan untuk menjelaskan realiti ketahanan komuniti dalam konteks modal komuniti. Kajian telah dilaksanakan di tiga buah negeri, iaitu negeri Pahang, Terengganu dan Kelantan. Seramai 361 ketua isi rumah (KIR) telah dilibatkan sebagai subjek kajian yang dipilih dengan menggunakan pensampelan bertujuan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferens (MANOVA dan ANOVA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga penemuan utama, iaitu: i) tahap ketahanan komuniti responden kebanyakannya adalah pada tahap sederhana bagi tiga dimensi ketahanan komuniti berbeza; ii) berbezanya ketahanan komuniti mengikut modal komuniti yang berbeza;  dan iii) berbezanya ketahanan komuniti dari negeri yang berbeza (Roy’s Largest Root= 0.04, F(4.516)= 3.00, p<0.004), yang mana responden negeri Kelantan paling tinggi dalam dimensi pemulihan (df= 2, 80.846, P= .037< .05). Makalah ini memberikan tiga cadangan utama berasaskan hasil kajian tersebut, iaitu: i) ditingkatkan kapasiti modal komuniti sedia ada; ii) memurnikan ‘rutin sosial’; dan iii) melibatkan lain-lain modal komuniti untuk kajian di masa hadapan.Kata kunci: Ketahanan komuniti, modal komuniti, bencana banjir, rutin sosial, peningkatan kapasiti.

Abstrak Isu kemiskinan kanak-kanak amat jarang diwacanakan di Malaysia sedangkan ia merupakan isu kritikal yang menjadi penentu masa hadapan mereka dan negara. Keadaan kemiskinan kanak-kanak menjadi lebih teruk dengan penularan wabak Covid-19 dan pengisytiharan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Andaian awal, PKP memberikan kesan secara multidimensional ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengetahui cabaran berkaitan implikasi Covid-19 yang berbentuk multidimensional ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak. Kajian menggunapakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan merujuk kepada sumber sekunder sahaja yang terdiri dari Laporan Kemiskinan Kanak-kanak Bandar, UNICEF 2017, artikel jurnal, buku dan tesis yang berkaitan. Pengkaji menggunakan instrument melalui pendekatan Cadangan Dasar Program sedia ada yang dikeluarkan oleh United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF Malaysia) yang meliputi empat bidang iaitu pendidikan, makanan, kesihatan dan kebajikan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa implikasi Covid-19 sememangnya telah memberi pelbagai kesan negatif kepada kanak-kanak dalam pendidikan, makanan, kesihatan dan kebajikan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah membantu pelbagai pihak, khususnya pihak kerajaan berkaitan realiti kesan Covid-19 dan PKP ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak dari pelbagai dimensi.   Abstract The poverty issue among children is rarely being discussed and talked about in Malaysia while it is one critical problem that could affect the future generation as well as the nation. The poverty rate among children has increased with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and also the declaration of Restricted Movement Order (RMO). Based on the early estimation, RMO has been affecting the children's poverty in multidimensional aspects. Hence, objective of the study is to know the challenges related to the Covid-19 implications in form of multidimensional aspects regarding the children poverty. The research is using a qualitative approach by referring to the secondary resources which is the Report of Poverty in Urban Kids, UNICEF 2017, journal articles, books, and theses. Researchers use the instrument through the existing Program Policy Proposal approach issued by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF Malaysia) which covers four areas, education, food, health and welfare. The results of the study found that the implications of Covid-19 have indeed had various negative effects on children in education, food, health and welfare. In conclusion, this study has helped various parties, especially the government bodies on tackling the reality of Covid-19 and RMO towards the poverty of children in multidimensional aspects.

Background and Purpose: Efforts in bringing about changes to fishers' lives are often met with obstacles due to their lack of participation in empowerment programmes as well as their excessive reliance on external assistance. However, such situations are said to be the results of their level of education and work experience. This paper also examines the relationship between work experience with empowerment and formal education as a control variable to the relationship. Therefore, this paper aims to observe the reality of empowerment among fishing communities from the lens of participation and self-reliance among fishers in Terengganu, Malaysia. Concurrently, this study also reviews the theme mentioned above from the lens of formal education and work experience and their impacts on the fishing community empowerment.   Methodology: This study used a survey design and involved 220 coastal fishers, who were identified through multi-stage sampling. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, and data analysis was done through descriptive statistics and the Analysis of Variance Test (ANCOVA).   Findings: The empowerment of the fishing community in this study is not influenced by the number of years they have spent as fishers. On the other hand, their level of education plays a pertinent influence on their empowerment. Such a finding clearly shows that experience is not only a major factor in increasing the empowerment of the fishing community.   Contributions: This study contributes to our understanding that it is undeniably true that formal and informal education play an integral role in empowering the fishing community, where through education, fishers are more participative in their community and exhibit autonomy towards their work.   Keywords: Fishers, empowerment, formal education, experience, community development   Cite as: Tuan Sembok, T. M. Z., & Wan Ismail, W. A. A. Z. (2022). Formal education, work experience and empowerment of the fishing community in Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 366-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp366-389