Understanding the actual spinal kinematics in completing critical daily activities is utmost important for human being as it can lead for better quality of life. Two of the most common functions which are necessary for human being are standing up and bend forward. Researchers tried to explore the kinematics of human spine during Sit-to-Stand (STS) and Stand-to-Flexion (STF) but most of them only focussed on thoracic and lumbar spine. Literatures of similar study within thoracic spine only divide the region up to three segments thus reducing the accuracy of actual thoracic multi segments behaviours in completing daily task. This paper aims to study the differences of spinal kinematics contribution between cervical and multi-segmental thoracic spine during STS & STF among healthy Asian adults using non-invasive approach. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both tasks specified during the study showed excellent reliability with all ICC value were above 0.90 (0.932-0.976). During STS, cervical region displayed quicker flexion-extension transition response. Roughly equivalent behaviour was observed within all thoracic segments. Lower thoracic segments (T10-12) exhibited passive increment behaviour upon reaching upright standing compared with other segments. All segments displayed increase of angular displacement during upright standing. Peak of flexion during STF was achieved at 50% phase with latter response within lower thoracic segments (T8-12). Throughout the completion of STF, most of the segments shared approximately identical behaviour with the adjacent segment. The results provide a clear explanation of the healthy spinal condition of asymptomatic adults and may serve for spinal treatment and rehabilitation purposes.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The change of the spinal curvature in completing a variety of daily tasks is essential to independent living. There is still a lack of studies highlighting the lumbar segmental contribution during sit-to-stand (STS) and stand-to-flexion (STF) using non-invasive study. The purpose of this study is to compare the spine kinematics by defining lumbar as a single and multi-segmental during continuous daily motion in healthy Asian adults using a non-invasive approach. During STS, most subjects implemented kyphotic lumbar curve during the early stage of motion which revealed poor posture implementation and significant differences in the lumbar kinematics which were only noticeable at specific phases between both approaches. A significant difference in multi-segmental behaviour was observed only at the end of the motion. All three segments displayed different time responses during the transition from kyphotic to lordotic curve. Passive/delayed behavior within the lower lumbar segment was observed between 0-50% of motion completion. During STF, statistically significant differences were found between assuming lumbar as a single and multi-segment in all phases. This in vitro study identified characteristic motion patterns in the lumbar spine during daily motions. The results provided a clear description of the healthy spinal condition of adults and may serve to identify specific multi-segmental contribution.