Evaluation have been done to different enhancement techniques applied to ultrasound kidney images to see which enhancement techniques is the most suitable techniques that can be applied to the kidney images before segmenting the edge of the kidney. Five common enhancement techniques have been used including the spatial domain filtering, frequency domain filtering, histogram processing, morphological filtering and wavelet filtering. The techniques applied were assessed by few methods which are the observer sensitivity, measuring the image quality by calculating the MSE and PSNR of the image and applying one of the segmentation techniques to the output images. In conclusion, for ultrasound kidney image, if the whole image were taken into consideration (by measuring MSE and PSNR), morphological filtering seems to be the best option in enhancing the image. If the evaluator is concerning more on the kidney edges, enhancement techniques that should be taken into consideration are median filtering and histogram equalization. General Terms Image Processing KeywordsKeywords are your own designated keywords which can be used for easy location of the manuscript using any search engines.

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This paper presents the use of multispectral imaging system to investigate variability in transcutaneous oxygen saturation (StO2) amongst different individuals and at different skin sites. Noncontact reflectance data are collected from central forehead, posterior forearm, thenar region of palm and proximal ankle of three healthy Asians. The prediction of the required StO2 value is via fitting Extended Modified Lambert (EMLB) model to the measured attenuation data using extinction coefficient of hemoglobin components in the wavelength range of 520 - 600 nm as its priori knowledge. The obtained results revealed a relatively high mean StO2 of 54 ± 1.9% at the palm of the hand site. This is followed by measurement at foot ankle and forehead with StO2 of 52.3 ± 2.4% and 51.2 ± 7.7%, respectively. Meanwhile the lowest reading of StO2 of 48.8 ± 5.1% is observed at the posterior forearm. Based on these findings, this work concluded that palm of the hand would provide considerably consistent measurement of StO2 among individuals. This is largely owing to the higher density of circulatory anastomosis at this skin site. This implied viability of using the developed strategy in the studies of microcirculation mechanism especially on wound at this skin region.

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