In recent years, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R), a screening tool for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), has been translated into various languages and made accessible for the assessment of children globally. This study aims to systematically review and identify the available translations of the M-CHAT-R that have been adapted for use in different cultures, to evaluate the translation and cultural adaptation process, to report on the methodologies and psychometric properties of the adaptations of the M-CHAT-R and to critically discuss the implications for clinical practice and future research. An electronic search was performed through four main databases, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed and Elsevier, to identify eligible articles. The PRISMA guidelines were employed as the primary search strategy and reporting system, while the COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the selected studies' psychometric properties and cultural validity. Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. The evaluation of screening accuracy properties for all studies showed that the M-CHAT-R translations achieved reasonable to good screening accuracy and further highlighted that sensitivity and specificity values, which are not dependent on the prevalence rate, are more appropriate measures than other psychometric properties to reflect the validity of the M-CHAT-R. The review of methodologies and results showed that the M-CHAT-R might be equally effective as the original tool in screening children aged up to 48 months, but future research is required to obtain more normative data. The large discrepancies among sample sizes and differences in population settings with ambiguous translations and adaptations highlighted the need for a more in-depth adaptation process for future cross-cultural validation studies.

Innovation is a key factor to bring about change. The government should formulate policies that are innovative to bring change to the nation. A government that enhances transformation, is a dynamic and progressive government. The Government Transformation Programme (GTP) in Malaysia, that is implemented in three phases started in 2010, is studied to examine how the programme is being accepted by the people. GTP is a programme that has never been implemented before. This programme emphasises more on performance and results of civil servants rather than budget spending. It also emphasises more accurately on planning. The aim is to produce high levels of accuracy and accountability of public employees and to provide rapid results in a short time as desired by the people. The 2011 GTP report showed that more than three million people have been positively impacted by this programme although it has only been implemented for two years. However, empirical studies found that people did not really feel the impact of the GTP programme. Although this programme was advocated through electronic and on-line media, many people still do not understand what is exactly the GTP and what are to be achieved through this programme.

Background: Work-from-home (WFH) has become a more common alternative work arrangement to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection amidst pandemic. Although WFH was a fantasy for many employees prior to the pandemic and offered some advantages, it has proven to be a difficult work arrangement for most telecommuters during this pandemic situation. Objective: Considering the challenges experienced by telecommuters and to improve their well-being, this article reviews some of the challenges experienced by telecommuters in a pandemic situation. The impact of personal resources such as self-efficacy and flow on Work Life Balance (WLB) were also reviewed. Besides that, influential WLB theories were also reviewed. Design: Relevant work life balance and well-being articles published before and after the pandemic between 1990 to 2021 were identified for review using appropriate keywords. Results: WFH has many benefits, but when implemented in a forced manner in a pandemic situation, employees experienced blurred boundaries, leading to poor WLB. Resources such as self-efficacy and flow can help telecommuters deal with this unprecedented crisis in a more regulated, calm and positive manner. Review of theories and literatures contributed to the development of a Crisis Induced Resources and Balance/Conflict Framework. Conclusions: Pandemic situation has worsened work life balance of telecommuters who struggle in creating and maintaining the boundary between work and home. However, telecommuters can learn to regulate themselves more effectively and manage their boundary with others. Government and companies can communicate better WFH guidelines, policies and also show support to their workers during this crisis.