RESUMOA previsão de vazão em um sistema hídrico não é apenas uma das técnicas utilizadas para minimizar o impacto das incertezas do clima sobre o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos mas, também, um dos principais desafios relacionados ao conhecimento integrado da climatologia e da hidrologia de uma bacia hidrográfica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar a relação não-linear entre chuva e vazão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piancó, no semiárido paraibano, através da técnica de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). Aqui se avaliou a capacidade da RNA modelar o processo chuva-vazão em base mensal e se considerou, durante o seu treinamento, a influência da arquitetura da rede e da inicialização dos pesos. No final do treinamento foi escolhida a melhor arquitetura para modelar vazões médias mensais na bacia estudada, com base no desempenho do modelo. A arquitetura de RNA que produziu melhor resultado foi a RC315L, com valores para o coeficiente de determinação, de eficiência e erro padrão da estimativa de 92,0, 77,0% e 8,29, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: hidrometeorologia, processo estocástico, processo chuva-vazãoArtificial neural network applied to the forecast of streamflow in the Piancó River Basin ABSTRACT Streamflow forecasting in a water system is one of the techniques used to reduce the impact of the uncertainties of the climate on administration of the water resources. That technique can be considered as one of the principal challenges related to the integrated knowledge of the climatology and of the hydrology of the river basin. The aim of this work was to model the non-linear relationship between rainfall and streamflow in the Piancó River Basin, in the Paraíba semiarid, using the technique of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Here the ability of ANN was evaluated to model the rainfallrunoff process on a monthly basis. During training of the ANN, the network architecture and weights initialization influence were considered. At the end of the training the best architecture was chosen, to model the streamflow monthly mean in the studied basin, based upon the performance of the model. The ANN architecture that produced the better result was RC315L with values for the determination coefficient, efficiency coefficient and standard estimate error (SEE) equal to 92.0, 77.0% and 8.29 respectively.
A B S T R A C TThe use of hydrological models aimed to obtain a realistic prediction of the hydrological processes that occur on hydrographic basins, especially the transformation of precipitation into surface runoff and evapotranspiration. Currently, a large number of hydrological predict models are used, highlights to Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), developed by the US Agricultural Research Service / United States Department of Agriculture (ARS / USDA). The study aimed to compare and analyze the water balance of a subbasin of the Ipanema River basin-PE by means of the estimation presented by the SWAT model and the method of Thornthwaite & Mather. Thus, this research aimed to map the sub-basin of the Ipanema river, located on Agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco State. The counties selected were to map were Venturosa, Alagoinha, Pedra, and Buíque. The monthly mean values of water balance components simulated by the SWAT were compared to monthly averages simulated by the Thornthwaite & Mather method. The monthly values were compared using the means of dispersion plots and the coefficient of determination, which was included the total amount of rain that precipitates over the area of the sub basin during the simulation time and the evapotranspiration measured in-situ and potential evapotranspiration. The two methods and the three variables studied showed a good representation of temporal cycle, and estimations of monthly: precipitation, real evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration.
The objective of this work was to investigate the treatment of the theme Environmental education in a transversal way with the students of the 1st periods of the courses of Buildings and Integrated Sanitation of the IFPE (Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pernambuco) -Campus Recife, under the perspective of awareness of these students, with mathematics as an important aid tool. The survey took place in July and August 2020, where questionnaires were applied through Google Forms to 80 students. In a second step, another form was sent to the teaching segment, in a total of 50 questionnaires. The questions addressed in the questionnaires to students led to points such as the perception of the existence of environmental problems, also seeking to analyze the degree of understanding of students in relation to mathematics as a support to environmental education. Subsequently, tabulation, statistical treatment and analysis of the data obtained through descriptive statistics were performed. The results revealed that a significant portion of the students came to understand that the environmental issue is not only a matter of nature, but also of society. Although, it should be noted that some of them can better understand what an environmental problem is than fully understand what the environment is. As for the professors, they demonstrated to relate to the current reality of the planet, however, a portion of this segment suggests that the structure of work to approach the theme is not so adequate.
As instituições públicas, com sua representatividade e indutoras de comportamento social, devem contribuir com exemplos de práticas saudáveis de gestão ambiental, minimizando os impactos negativos provenientes de suas atividades. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar o estudo da percepção ambiental do corpo funcional do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJPE) visando à construção de proposições para o aprimoramento da capacitação com o intuito de elevar a sensibilização desses quanto às questões socioambientais implantadas no gerenciamento de resíduos recicláveis. O trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e aplicação de questionários direcionados a 167 servidores. Constatou-se como resultados principais que, apesar da gestão sustentável ter obtido resultados positivos, destacou-se o desafio da quebra do paradigma da dicotomia teoria/prática, onde apesar do corpo funcional possuir conhecimentos ambientais, dificuldades foram encontradas, que demandam gestão para aperfeiçoamento na infraestrutura de gerenciamento de resíduos recicláveis e na sensibilização e capacitação dos servidores, visando a uma participação mais efetiva. Diante do exposto, é recomendado rever a infraestrutura implantada, a construção das capacitações, realizando uma educação ambiental contínua, acessível a todos e voltada para despertar o interesse nas práticas saudáveis nas instituições e fomentar o alcance da responsabilidade socioambiental.
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