Purpose To investigate the possible risk factors associated with lenticular progressive myopia and to compare the differences between patients with lenticular progressive myopias and senile cataracts. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases that had been diagnosed as lenticular progressive myopia with a discrete nuclear sclerotic cataract and progressive myopic changes in one hospital from January 1998 to February 2003. A total of 47 eyes of 35 patients were enrolled in this study. In all, 32 eyes of 29 cases of common senile cataract receiving cataract extraction surgery during the study period were randomly chosen (every four cases in time sequence within a 2-month period by two ophthalmologists' clinic in 2002) as the control group. We compared the preoperative refraction status, keratometry (K-values) and axial lengths between these two groups. The possible ocular or systemic associating diseases were also investigated in the study group. Results In the lenticular progressive myopia group, the mean age at surgery (52.979.2 years) is younger than that in the senile cataract group (68.177.3 years). The mean axial length in the study group (25.6871.93 mm) is statistically significant longer than that in the control group (22.9770.83 mm) (Po0.0001). Besides, patients with lenticular progressive myopia had significantly lower mean K-values (43.2571.42 diopters) than patients with senile cataracts (44.2571.28 diopters) (Po0.01). There were no other ocular or systemic diseases closely associated with lenticular progressive myopia. Conclusions Patients with nuclear cataract combined with lenticular progressive myopia have longer axial length than patients with senile cataract. The longer axial length may be one of the important risk factors predisposing to lenticular progressive myopia.