The teacher-student (T-S) matching in colleges has not been studied in a thorough and systematic manner. It remains unclear how college T-S matching affects the knowledge innovation of graduate students. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the factors affecting the knowledge innovation of graduate students, and selects the T-S matching mode that promotes their knowledge innovation. Then, the promotion of knowledge innovation was investigated under the T-S matching. Finally, the authors quantified the importance of knowledge innovation among graduate students, and summarized the strategies and methods for cultivating innovation ability based on T-S matching. The research results provide a panoramic view of the cultivation of innovation ability among graduate students from the angle of T-S matching.