The development of the internet of things has spawned new information concepts such as educational information sharing. Due to the openness of the internet of things, all kinds of mobile terminal devices can rely on the internet of things for data communication, information interaction, and resource sharing. Although the development of the internet of things has brought convenience to people’s lives, the internet of things is facing severe challenges in the fields of internal data sharing and cache sharing of educational information. The existing resource sharing systems do not fully consider the problems of privacy, shared data security, and data access control. This paper mainly studies the network integrated resource cache sharing system of the education information center based on internet of things. The data management system of the network education information center is developed on the basis of the school teaching management system and lifelong education public service platform, combined with the actual situation of student information. This paper combines the enrollment and information workflow of the student information management website, analyzes the problems existing in the current workflow, and then uses computer technology to standardize and transform the workflow, realize the information of the built-in resources in the data management, and solve the problems of data cache sharing and data statistics in the management of the education information center. The simulation results show that with the increase in the number of concurrent threads, the average response time of the edge cloud system deployed with two servers is smaller than that of the edge cloud system deployed with a single server, and the cloud system has good scalability.