Peritoneal fibrosis resulting from long-term clinical peritoneal dialysis has been the main reason of dropout from peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis as a common complication of peritoneal dialysis treatment may lead to the occurrences of peritoneal fibrosis. We cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in order to stimulate the environment of peritonitis and investigate whether lipopolysaccharides could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oxidative stress could stimulate fibrogenesis while selenium has antioxidant properties. So, this study also explored whether selenium supplementation affects lipopolysaccharide-induced EMT and fibrosis. We found that lipopolysaccharides could activate EMT changes such as the loss of E-cadherin and the increase of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, vimentin, and fibronectin (FN), while selenium inhibits EMT by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS/MMP-9 signaling pathways in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Moreover, it was revealed that selenium decreased the EMT events of peritoneal mesothelial cells via inhibition of PI3k/AKT pathways. In conclusion, these findings enable a better understanding of the mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis and explore a new idea for the prevention and treatment.

In this study, the patency rates following the early use of the AFAVFs were not inferior to the previously reported patency rates in the literature. For patients entering hemodialysis with an inserted central catheter, the early use of the AFAVFs decreases the complications associated with catheters.

Aims/IntroductionThe study aimed to compare the impact of allogeneic bone marrow cells (BMCs) infusion through the inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal vein (PV) combined with rapamycin on allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic rats.Materials and MethodsRecipient diabetic Wistar rats were infused with islets from Sprague–Dawley rats through the PV. PKH26‐labeled BMCs of Sprague–Dawley rats were infused to recipients through the PV or IVC, followed by administration of rapamycin for 4 days. Blood glucose level was measured to evaluate the survival time of the islets. Lymphocytes separated from blood, BMCs, thymus, liver, spleen and lymph node were analyzed by flow cytometry. The peripheral blood smear, BMCs smear and frozen sections of tissues were observed by a fluorescence microscope.ResultsThe survival time of the islets was significantly prolonged by the BMCs infusion combined with rapamycin. The rats receiving BMCs infusion through the PV induced a significantly longer survival time of the islets, and increased mixed chimeras of allogeneic BMCs in the thymus, liver, spleen and lymph node compared with the rats receiving BMCs infusion through the IVC. The amount of the mixed chimeras on day 14 was lower than that on day 7 after islet transplantation. Furthermore, PV transplantation had significantly more mixed chimera than IVC transplantation in all analyzed organs or tissues.Conclusions BMCs infusion combined with rapamycin prolongs the islets survival and induces mixed chimeras of BMCs. PV infusion of BMCs might be a more effective strategy than IVC infusion of BMCs.