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Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and its based hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications.

A composite anode with active materials including 15% (w/w) silicon nanowires and graphite is demonstrated for use in secondary lithium-ion cells. The electrochemical behavior of the composite anode including voltammetry and charge/discharge capacities over the first 15cycles is shown and compared with an equivalent graphite anode. Electrolessly etched nanowires swell in diameter upon lithiation and undergo reversible cycling without pulverization or agglomeration. Experimental results reveal high initial capacities (approximately 811mAhg−1 ) near theoretical predictions and a reversible capacity of 512mAhg−1 after 10cycles with a capacity fade of approximately 1.4% /cycle. Capacity loss mechanisms are considered in comparison with other silicon-containing anodes.

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Large arrays of silicon nanowires are fabricated by electroless etching of (100) p-type silicon wafers: The nanowires are separated from substrates, deposited onto interdigitated nickel electrodes, and annealed to form silicide contacts. Two-probe electrical characterization of interdigitated electrodes with hundreds of silicided nanowires deposited across electrode pairs shows a linear current–voltage behavior with an estimated nanowire resistivity approximately equal to the parent wafer. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure show the formation of a nickel monosilicide (NiSi) phase near the tips of nanowires adjacent to nickel reservoirs during an anneal. The work shows that a facile and nonvacuum process may be used to create ohmic contacts between high volumes of nanowires and pre-existing electrodes.