In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) using sodium citrate as a reducing/stabilizing agent by microwave-assisted process. The presence of a highly oriented amino-terminated self-assembled monolayer and formation of APTMS was demonstrated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The silver-coated cotton fabrics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). UV protection, antistatic, and hydrophobic properties were also evaluated. The results show that silver-coated fabric modified with APTMS possesses excellent antistatic, UV protection with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 396.5 and superhydrophobic properties with contact angle of 153.2 . APTMS pretreatment improves the adhesive strength between silver coatings and cotton fabric.

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An analysis of carbon emissions of crop production provides paths for global warming mitigation. Existing studies have focused on the magnitude of the carbon emissions from crop production, which is unreasonable for inter-location comparison due to neglecting regional variations in cultivation technologies and planting scale. Different from the conventional idea, this paper estimated the carbon-emission density of crop production (CEDCP) based on carbon emissions per hectare of crop production. With the 30 Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2020 as the study area, temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of the CEDCP were explored, regional disparities of the CEDCP were discussed based on the Theil index, and the possibility of regional coordinated optimization for the CEDCP was explored by relying on the convergence tests. The results show that the average annual CEDCP in China was 1.462 t/hm2, reaching a peak of 1.576 t/hm2 in 2015. The national carbon-emission densities of agricultural materials, rice fields, soil management, and straw burning were 0.492 t/hm2, 0.390 t/hm2, 0.189 t/hm2, and 0.391 t/hm2, respectively. In many provinces, the CEDCP increased first and then decreased, presenting a spatial pattern of high in the eastern region and low in the western region. Regional disparities of CEDCP shrank early but expanded later, and the disparities within the western region had always contributed considerably to the overall disparities. The CEDCP had shown σ- and β- convergence in both national and regional scales, and the convergence process had positive spillover effects. These findings suggest that inter-provincial cooperation may facilitate the CEDCP to converge.

This study is aimed at children aged 5-7 years old. Though observations, investigations and analysis of children’s psychological characteristics, preferences and interests, tableware designs for children in preschool and primary school are studied. Design methods of deconstruction and recombination are applied to better integrate Chinese mythological and cartoon elements that children are interested in daily life with the designs, which plays a good role in designs of children’s tableware. Methods of deconstruction and recombination in product designs are summarized, which can also provide some guidance for future product designs.