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To study the variation in pile–soil stress and settlement of a pile–net composite foundation in a collapsible loess area, a test section of the Gansu-Ningxia section of the Yinxi high-speed railway was analysed using an earth pressure box, a liquid level settlement system and a single-point settlement instrument. The monitoring results showed that for, the pile–net composite foundation, the earth pressure in the embankment was significantly affected by the geogrid and the soil arching effect. The geogrid enhanced the soil arching effect between the piles, resulting in an increase in earth pressure between the piles on the embankment. With an increase in the embankment filling height, the pile–soil stress ratio and load sharing ratio of the cement–fly ash–gravel (CFG) pile and cement–soil compaction (CSC) pile increased gradually and the pile–soil stress ratio of the CFG pile was greater than that of the CSC pile. The settlement patterns of the CFG pile top, CSC pile top and the soil between the piles was saddle-shaped. The settlement of the CSC pile was found to be much less than that of the CFG pile.

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