This paper studies brain tumor grading using multiphase MRI images and compares the results with various configurations of deep learning structure and baseline Neural Networks. The MRI images are used directly into the learning machine, with some combination operations between multiphase MRIs. Compared to other researches, which involve additional effort to design and choose feature sets, the approach used in this paper leverages the learning capability of deep learning machine. We present the grading performance on the testing data measured by the sensitivity and specificity. The results show a maximum improvement of 18% on grading performance of Convolutional Neural Networks based on sensitivity and specificity compared to Neural Networks. We also visualize the kernels trained in different layers and display some self-learned features obtained from Convolutional Neural Networks.

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Automatic evaluation metrics are indispensable for evaluating generated text. To date, these metrics have focused almost exclusively on the content selection aspect of the system output, ignoring the linguistic quality aspect altogether. We bridge this gap by proposing GRUEN for evaluating Grammaticality, non-Redundancy, focUs, structure and coherENce of generated text. 1 GRUEN utilizes a BERTbased model and a class of syntactic, semantic, and contextual features to examine the system output. Unlike most existing evaluation metrics which require human references as an input, GRUEN is reference-less and requires only the system output. Besides, it has the advantage of being unsupervised, deterministic, and adaptable to various tasks. Experiments on seven datasets over four language generation tasks show that the proposed metric correlates highly with human judgments. 2

Warning: this paper contains content that may be offensive or upsetting.Countermeasures to effectively fight the ever increasing hate speech online without blocking freedom of speech is of great social interest. Natural Language Generation (NLG), is uniquely capable of developing scalable solutions. However, off-the-shelf NLG methods are primarily sequence-to-sequence neural models and they are limited in that they generate commonplace, repetitive and safe responses regardless of the hate speech (e.g., "Please refrain from using such language.") or irrelevant responses, making them ineffective for de-escalating hateful conversations. In this paper, we design a three-module pipeline approach to effectively improve the diversity and relevance. Our proposed pipeline first generates various counterspeech candidates by a generative model to promote diversity, then filters the ungrammatical ones using a BERT model, and finally selects the most relevant counterspeech response using a novel retrievalbased method. Extensive Experiments on three representative datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in generating diverse and relevant counterspeech.

It is a well-known approach for fringe groups and organizations to use euphemismsordinary-sounding and innocent-looking words with a secret meaning-to conceal what they are discussing. For instance, drug dealers often use "pot" for marijuana and "avocado" for heroin. From a social media content moderation perspective, though recent advances in NLP have enabled the automatic detection of such single-word euphemisms, no existing work is capable of automatically detecting multi-word euphemisms, such as "blue dream" (marijuana) and "black tar" (heroin). Our paper tackles the problem of euphemistic phrase detection without human effort for the first time, as far as we are aware. We first perform phrase mining on a raw text corpus (e.g., social media posts) to extract quality phrases. Then, we utilize word embedding similarities to select a set of euphemistic phrase candidates. Finally, we rank those candidates by a masked language model-SpanBERT. Compared to strong baselines, we report 20-50% higher detection accuracies using our algorithm for detecting euphemistic phrases.