A series of diimine ligands has been designed on the basis of 2-pyridyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (L1, L2). Coupling the basic motif of L1 with anthracene-containing fragments affords the bichromophore compounds L3–L5, of which L4 and L5 adopt a donor–acceptor architecture. The latter allows intramolecular charge transfer with intense absorption bands in the visible spectrum (lowest λabs 464 nm (ε = 1.2 × 104 M–1 cm–1) and 490 nm (ε = 5.2 × 104 M–1 cm–1) in CH2Cl2 for L4 and L5, respectively). L1–L5 show strong fluorescence in a fluid medium (Φem = 22–92%, λem 370–602 nm in CH2Cl2); discernible emission solvatochromism is observed for L4 and L5. In addition, the presence of pyridyl (L1–L5) and dimethylaminophenyl (L5) groups enables reversible alteration of their optical properties by means of protonation. Ligands L1–L5 were used to synthesize the corresponding [Re(CO)3X(diimine)] (X = Cl, 1–5; X = CN, 1-CN) complexes. 1 and 2 exhibit unusual dual emission of singlet and triplet parentage, which originate from independently populated 1ππ* and 3MLCT excited states. In contrast to the majority of the reported Re(I) carbonyl luminophores, complexes 3–5 display moderately intense ligand-based fluorescence from an anthracene-containing secondary chromophore and complete quenching of emission from the 3MLCT state presumably due to the triplet–triplet energy transfer (3MLCT → 3ILCT).

Background: The second most prevalent cause of disability and death worldwide, stroke is silently taking on the characteristics of an epidemic. Almost 85% of the all strokes are ischemic strokes. Objective: To assess the stress hyperglycemia as a prognostic factor in acute ischemic stroke at a tertiary care hospital. Design of the Study: It was a case control study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of medicine & Allied Services Hospital Lahore from March 2022 August 2022. Patients and Methods: Total 100 patients with Computerized Tomography (CT) Brain evidence of acute ischemic stroke who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. At admission, a thorough history was taken and clinical examination was performed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS scale) was used to measure the patient’s neurological state. Fasting Blood sugar (FBS) and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HBA1c) were performed. Patients' functional recovery was measured by comparing their NIHSS scores on the day of admission and after 7 days in the hospital. Results of the Study: Most of the patients enrolled in our study had age of 61 to 70 years. In study sample 56% of patients were male and 44% were female. Out of 100 patients 56 had stress hyperglycemia and 44 were without stress hyperglycemia. Functional recovery was greater in patients with normoglycemia than in patients with stress hyperglycemia (based on differences in NIHSS score on day one and day seven). The mortality was observed to be 9.2% in patients who had stress hyperglycemia. The mean NIHSS scores was 3.45±1.64 in patients with stress hyperglycemia and 4.50 ± 1.05 was in participants with normoglycemia. Practical Implication: The present study was carried out to know whether stress hyperglycemia can be a prognostic marker in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion: When compared to patients with stress hyperglycemia, functional recovery was better in patients with normoglycemia. This study demonstrates that patients with normoglycemia had greater functional recovery as compared to patients with stress hyperglycemia, as measured by the difference between the NIHSS scores. As a result, patients with normoglycemia had better outcomes than those with stress hyperglycemia. Keywords: Stress hyperglycemia, Normoglycemia, Acute Ischemic Stroke, Prognostic Factor, NIHSS

Objective: Loss of libido, low serum testosterone levels, and other symptoms of hypogonadism like subfertility, gynecomastia, and immature testes, is a prevalent medical condition amongst males with advanced chronic liver disease. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the low serum testosterone levels association with hypogonadism in people with chronic liver disease. Study Duration: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department (OPD) of Medicine Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. Material and Methods: The retrospective study was completed on two hundred confirmed patients of hypogonadism with liver cirrhosis. In the repository, the available data was divided into two groups. The first group of chronic liver disease patients was diagnosed due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and second patient group due to alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The patient in NAFLD group were in the age group between 15-30 years whereas the patients from ALD group were 30-60 years of age. The diagnostic values of total testosterone and Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were collected from patient’s record. The independent t test was used for statistical analysis by using SPSS version 22. The frequency distribution of testosterone was also calculated between two types of chronic liver disease patients. Results: The retrospective research was performed. The data were dispersed across two age groups. The youth had no alcohol-related data, while the elderly had. According to hospital data, distribution was based on age between 15 and 30 years (NAFLD) and between 30 and 60 years (ALD). When T-test was applied it showed that there was no statistically significant difference found in means of SHBG between two age groups amongst chronic liver disease patients. In the case of serum testosterone, there was a statistically significant (p 0.05) difference between age groups (Table 1). Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the frequency distribution of total testosterone and its comparison within the liver cirrhosis group, respectively. Practical Implication: Our study predicted that low testosterone can raise the risk of mortality, the necessity for liver transplantation, and the likelihood of severe infection in men with cirrhosis given the mechanisms of action of testosterone. Conclusion: On the basis of two groups of liver cirrhosis, there is a significant age-related change in total serum testosterone, its control by the pituitary and it’s binding to SHBG in males over the age of forty. However, no substantial data was discovered in sex hormone binding globulin. Low testosterone levels are associated with hypogonadism in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The effect of testosterone replacement treatment on increasing muscle quality in male cirrhotic patients remains to be determined. Safety and effectiveness of the treatment requires additional prospective research. Keywords: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Serum Testosterone, Hypogonadism, Chronic Liver Disease