Our data demonstrate median stent patency of almost 5 years. The low incidence of significant complications with blocked stents and excellent stent patency rates suggest that long-term biliary stenting is an acceptable alternative in elderly, frail patients with stones that are not endoscopically retrievable.

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Text tokenization is a fundamental pre-processing step for almost all the information processing applications. This task is nontrivial for the scarce resourced languages such as Urdu, as there is inconsistent use of space between words. In this paper a morpheme matching based approach has been proposed for Urdu text tokenization, along with some other algorithms to solve the additional issues of boundary detection of compound words, affixation, reduplication, names and abbreviations. This study resulted into 97.28% precision, 93.71% recall, and 95.46% F1-measure; while tokenizing a corpus of 57000 words by using a morpheme list with 6400 entries.