BackgroundDiabetes first detected during pregnancy is currently divided into gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM)- most of which are type 2 DM (T2DM). This study aims to define the prevalence and outcomes of diabetes first detected in pregnancy based on 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)using the recent WHO/IADPSG guidelines in a high-risk population.MethodsThis is a retrospective study that included all patients who underwent a 75 g (OGTT) between Jan 2016 and Apr 2016 and excluded patients with known pre-conception diabetes.ResultsThe overall prevalence of newly detected diabetes in pregnancy among the 2000 patients who fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria was 24.0% (95% CI 22.1–25.9) of which T2DM was 2.5% (95% CI 1.9–3.3), and GDM was 21.5% (95% CI 19.7–23.3). The prevalence of newly detected diabetes in pregnancy was similar among the different ethnic groups.The T2DM group was older (mean age in years was 34 ±5.7 vs 31.7±5.7 vs 29.7 ±5.7, p<0.001); and has a higher mean BMI (32.4±6.4 kg/m2 vs 31.7±6.2 kg/m2 vs 29.7± 6.2 kg/m2, p< 0.01) than the GDM and the non-DM groups, respectively. The frequency of pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, Caesarean-section, macrosomia, LGA and neonatal ICU admissions were significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to GDM and non-DM groups.ConclusionDiabetes first detected in pregnancy is equally prevalent among the various ethnic groups residing in Qatar. Newly detected T2DM carries a higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes; stressing the importance of proper classification of cases of newly detected diabetes in pregnancy.

This investigation is concerned with establishing the anatomical location of the site proposed for making fetal thigh circumference (ThC) measurements with ultrasound. An evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasonic ThC measurements has also been made. The results of these studies indicate that the change in femur profile (polygonal to oval) used to identify the site of measurement (transition plane) occurs at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the thigh, at the level of the proximal nutrient foramen of the femur. Ultrasonic ThC measurements are systematically larger (mean: 4.3%; range: 1.3-10.3%) than comparable anatomical measurements. Measurements made within 1-2 cm of the transition plane are quite similar, demonstrating that exact positioning of the plane is not necessary. These results indicate that ThC measurements can be made in a reliable manner and thus could be used to detect changes in soft tissue mass and improve weight estimation procedures.

, midstream urine specimens were collected during the first antenatal visit of 2,642 pregnant patients. The specimens were obtained for the purpose of microbiological study. Significant bacteriuria was found in 15.8% (N = 419); 188 of the patients were asymptomatic and 231 were symptomatic, yielding an incidence of 7.1% and 8.7%, respectively. Two hundred females with negative urine cultures were selected as a control group, and matched by age, gravidity, and gestational age. The frequency of occurrence of premature birth was found to be higher only in the symptomatic group (P < 0.05), while the frequency of anemia, hypertension, and diabetes was found to be higher in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, compared with the control group (P <0.05).H Abduljabbar, RA Moumena, HA Mosli, AS Khan, A Warda, Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy. 1991; 11(3): 322-324 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are second in frequency only to respiratory tract infections in the general practice of medicine [1]. Females are more prone than males to UTIs, and this tendency seems to increase during pregnancy. This increased predisposition to UTIs during pregnancy is partly the result of the pressure of the gravid uterus on the ureters causing stasis of urine flow and is also attributed to the hormonal and immunological changes that occur during normal pregnancy [1].We report on a study carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, that was designed to determine the frequency of significant bacteriuria in healthy pregnant females and its impact on pregnancy. Material and MethodsIn a prospective study conducted over a one-year period from 1987 to 1988, midstream urine samples were collected from 2642 pregnant females who had no apparent underlying medical ailments. All patients were attending the antenatal clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. The urine samples were collected under supervision, using proper aseptic precautions, and were cultured using the Dip Strip technique [2]. Colonies were identified using standard methods [3]. Gram-negative bacilli were identified using the AP120E system.

To provide standards for evaluating fetal thigh circumference measurements obtained with ultrasound, a study of the growth of this parameter during pregnancy was made. Because of possible sampling problems before 22 weeks (menstrual age), this investigation was limited to the 22-40 week time period. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal model (R2 = 88.9%) for describing thigh circumference (ThC) growth was a power function. ThC variability increased with menstrual age, from 1.3 cm at 22 weeks to 3.1 cm at 40 weeks. These data were used to construct a standard growth curve for the ThC.

No abstract