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Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as "heart failure," CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. An evaluation of screening for CHDs is very important, echocardiography is a non-invasive technique and Modern two-dimensional echocardiographic strategies offer a comprehensive way for evaluating virtually all types of CHD observed in both adults and children. Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the most common clinical presentation of congenital heart defects in children from 3 months to 16 years of age referred to echocardiography and confirm the presence of disease on echocardiography in Children Hospital Lahore. Methods: This is a descriptive and prospective Hospital-based study conducted in the pediatric cardiology unit outpatient department of CHILDREN HOSPITAL. This study included all the patients, irrespective of age, having confirmed the diagnosis of CHD on the basis of echocardiographic report. Results: In my study, 288 patients of clinically Diagnosed CHD referred to echocardiography were studied. Congenital heart defects were diagnosed more commonly between 3 months to 5 Years than other age groups. The reason for the higher incidence in the age group of 3 months to 5 years maybe that CHD becomes symptomatic at that age group. The commonest congenital heart defects with a single lesion in our study were Ventricular septal defect followed by Atrial septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot, Patent ductus arteriosus Conclusions: We observed that Symptomatic patients mostly present in 3 months -5 years of age. At 0.16-5 year of age child presented with sweating, respiratory distress, syncope and tachypnea. While from 5-16 years, commonest symptoms were murmur, chest pain, respiratory distress, tachypnea. The most symptomatic lesion Congenital heart defects were Ventricle septal defect and Teratology of fallot Ventricle septal defect, Atrial septal defect Pulmonary stenosis. Transthoracic echocardiography is an important tool for confirmation of clinical presentations of CHD at different age group.

This article aims to give an outline of an integrated geoscience approach that may apply in the initial identification of the shale play, address complex unconventional reservoirs, their associated challenges and finalise the pilot vertical wells to evaluate their potential. Shale exploration depends on the proven source rock within the basin, so the availability of the required data, well data and seismic data in public domain for initial study and basin screening is usually easy. The investigation may start after knowing the well developed proven source rock in the basin. An extensive study of structure, tectono-stratigraphy, source rock and reservoir characterization, thermal maturity models and exploration strategy is required by using the regional tectonic history, drilled wells with multiple penerations in source rock, open-hole logs, mud samples and cores of the source rock to get the answers to the critical questions on the attributes that influence shale plays. Once these attribute questions have been satisfactorily confirmed to be in the required range or with an analog, that data can be utilized to locate possible sweet spots to drill pilot vertical wells with the goal of acquiring extensive coring, open hole logging and formation pressure testing data to identify the best candidates for further horizontal well evaluation. This article highlights and demonstrates a possible step by step workflow for the selection of the shale play area, sweet spot and pilot vertical wells locations by using the schematic data maps, published material examples and building possible cut offs essential for exploration decision process.