Sequential compression devices and foot pumps reduced the incidence of DVT in trauma patients. However, the evidence is limited to a small sample size and did not take into account other confounding variables that may affect the incidence of DVT in trauma patients. Future randomized controlled trials with larger probability samples to investigate the optimal use of mechanical prophylaxis in trauma patients are needed.

Back ground: Liver cirrhosis is a serious chronic disease, affects most of body systems and reduce patient's quality of life (QOL). It needs a nursing guidelines to be developed according to patient's needs. Aim of this study was to assess educational needs of liver cirrhosis patients, (assessment of QOL domains, liver cirrhosis health problems and complications) to improve their quality of life. Descriptive research design has been used to carry out this study. Patients and methods:The study sample included 50 male and female patients with liver cirrhosis. Setting internal medical department, Minia University Hospital. Structured interview was utilized for data collection. Three tools were utilized for data collection; Tool I-Liver cirrhosis patient's knowledge questionnaire sheet, Tool II-Knowledge assessment questionnaire, Tool III-Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Results: the majority of patients were married, housewives, illiterate, and come from rural areas (82%, 50%, 80%, 88% respectively) and their age ranged between 50 and 59 years, patient's QOL domains mean scores were low with worry, activity, fatigue, abdominal and systemic symptoms. The patient's mean knowledge scores about liver cirrhosis, complications, and diet were also low. Conclusion, continuous education of liver cirrhosis patients is needed to prevent complications of cirrhosis and improvement of health related quality of life.