Background: Closure of the space of missing maxillary lateral incisors and canine substitution is probably the first choice to avoid long-term restorative replacements but may produce an inferior aesthetic result which may has adverse effect on oral health. Aims: To assess the effects of orthodontic space closure (OSC) of bilateral congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors (CMMLI) and consequent canine substitution on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL). Materials and Methods: The impacts of OSC and canine substitution on the OHRQL were assessed using the short-version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) and a modified version of the Eastman Esthetic Index (EEI) questionnaires. Answers of the patients' perception to esthetics of the tooth substitution were rated and correlated between gender and compared between the oral health and esthetic perception categories. Results: Females had higher mean OHIP score in all domains and lower mean EEI score than males. Overall, 76% of patients rated their oral health as satisfactory, more males were satisfied than females. Significantly, 33.3% of females recorded impacts to their oral health compared to 20% of males (P=0.014). More males (p=0.049) were dissatisfied with the colour, and more females (p=0.022) were dissatisfied with the shape. The most common impacts were related to social disability domain in the perception of male patients to colour of teeth (p=0.00078) and in Psychological discomfort and disability domains in females with poor perception to the shape and size of teeth, respectively. Conclusions: One-fourth of patients were associated with impairment in OHRQL, this extent and severity appeared to be expressed by social disability and psychological discomfort.

Objectives:To evaluate the quality of root canal treatment using radiographic examination in a sample of Jordanian population Methods: The study sample consisted of randomly selected patients referred to endodontic clinics, at Al-Hussien hospital. Clinical and radiographical (Orthopantomographs) examinations were performed to evaluate 139 patients. The periapical status of all teeth was examined. The quality of the root canal filling was rated as 'adequate' or 'inadequate'. Endodontically treated (with or without periapical radiolucency), existed, filled teeth (with or without root canal treatment) were recorded. The quality of endodontic treatment was correlated to age and gender, and its association with periapical radiolucency and tooth restoration was determined. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and t-test. The quality of endodontic treatment was assessed using odd ratios in the chi square test in terms of adequacy in association with existed or absence of periapical radiolucency. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results:Out of 3433 examined teeth, 8.3% were endodontically treated. Periapical radiolucency was associated with11.9% of teeth, of these 4.7% were related to endodontically treated teeth and 36.2% of filled teeth were endodontically treated. Females had significant more existed teeth (p0.05) and more periapical radiolucency associated with non-endodontically treated teeth (p0.01), however, males significantly had more periapical radiolucency with root canal treatment (p0.05). The prevalence of endodontically treated teeth increased with age, and it is significant in patients aged 40 years or more. The prevalence of periapical radiolucency increased with age. However, it was only significant in non-endodontically treated teeth (p0.05), in patients aged 50 years and above. Significantly more endodontically treated teeth and periapical radiolucency in the maxilla than in the mandible (P<0.05).Adequate endodontic treatment with periapical radiolucency was 30.1%, whereas inadequate root filling and periapical radiolucency was 69.9%. Approximately, 62% of endodontic treatment was significantly unsatisfactory(p=0.001).Conclusions: 8.3% of examined teeth were endodontically-treated, of these, 40% were associated with periapical radiolucency. Only 48.8% of endodontic treatments were adequate and not associated with periapical radiolucency, however, 62% were unsatisfactory.