The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in schoolgoing children. Both Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have considerable adverse effect on human health. Among the different negative health concerns, including stunt development, less developed immunity, lower IQ level, no proper physical work capacity, more fatigue, maternal mortality rates, young ones born with low birth weight, birth complications and infant mortality rates are some of the remarkable health concerns posed by iron deficiency level. Our study sample was consisting of 420 school age children of both genders. The blood samples were collected in EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes from different school and health maternity centres by trained and veteran persons. Questionnaires were utilised for the data collection, at the time of blood samples collection. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell and red blood cell (RBC)were determine by automatic hematological analyzer model Symex Ks-21 having two reagents, cell pack and Stromatolyser-wwt 500 ml. The total percentage of anemia recorded in school age children was 34.0%. In tehsil Banda Daud Shah, the incidence of anemia was high up to 43.6% while in tehsil Takhti Nasrati and Karak was 32.1% and 26.4% respectively. The percentage was higher in girls (38.9%) than in boys (31.0%). The anemia percentage was recorded high (55.8%) in lower socioeconomic family children, than middle class (32.2%) and upper class (17%). The percentage of anemic children was also high (40%) in age group of 10 -12 years. Pale skin was the most common symptom of anemia.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of hypertension and diabetes in patients, thrombolysed for STEMI and explore the relationship between these comorbidities and patient outcomes. By examining the frequency of these comorbidities in thrombolysed STEMI patients, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans to optimize patient outcomes. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to contribute to future research focused on preventing or managing hypertension and diabetes in STEMI patients. Study Design: cross sectional study Study Setting: Cardiology Department, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Duration of Study: Six months from August 1st, 2022 to 31st Jan, 2023. Material and Methods:. A total of 170 patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, were included in the sample for analysis. The study focused specifically on patients who were thrombolysed using Streptokinase. Results: In this study, male to female ratio was nearly 3:1. Among the 170 patients, 96 (56%) were found to have hypertension, while 42 (24%) were diagnosed with diabetes. Among the hypertensive patients, which accounted for 96 (56%) of the total population, 60 (62.5%) were male and 36 (37.5%) were female. Among these diabetic patients, 24 (57.1%) were male, while 18 (42.9%) were female. Conclusion: This study highlights the high frequency of hypertension and diabetes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. These findings suggest the importance of screening STEMI patients for these comorbidities and providing appropriate follow-up care to optimize patient outcomes. Keywords: Prevalence, Hypertension, Diabetes, STEMI.

The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter and paleo-depositional environment of the Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in the Kala-Chitta Range of Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale and coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total organic carbon) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis coupled with carbon (δ13Corg) and nitrogen (δ15Norg) stable isotopes. The organic geochemical results showed that the kerogen Type II (oil/gas prone) and Type III (gas prone) dominate the investigated rock units. The TOC (wt%) and S2 yield indicate that the rock unit quantifies sufficient organic matter (OM) to act as potential source rock. However, the thermal maturity Tmax°C marks the over maturation of the OM, which may be possibly linked with the effect attained from nearby tectonically active Himalayan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt system and associated metamorphosed sequences. The organic geochemical analyses deciphered indigenous nature of the OM and resultant hydrocarbons. The δ13Corg and δ15Norg stable isotopic signatures illustrated enrichment of the OM from both marine and terrestrial sources accumulated into the Hangu Formation. The Paleo-depositional model established using organic geochemical and stable isotopic data for the formation supports its deposition in a shallow marine proximal inner shelf environment with prevalence of sub-oxic to anoxic conditions, a scenario that could enhance the OM preservation. Overall, the formation holds promising coal and shale intervals in terms of organic richness, but due to relatively over thermal maturation, it cannot act as an effective source rock for liquid hydrocarbon generation and only minor amount of dry gas can be expected. In implication, the results of this study suggest least prospects of liquid hydrocarbon generation potential within Hangu Formation at studied sections.