Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder complicating pregnancy. 1 About 1-14% of all pregnancies are complicated by diabetes mellitus, 90% of them are Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 2 (GDM). Diabetes has long been associated with maternal and perinatal mortality & morbidity. 3 The Neonatal mortality rate is over five times that of infants of non-diabetic mothers & is higher at all gestational ages & in every birth weight for gestational age category. 4 Compared with weight matched controls Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDM's) have double the risk of serious birth injury, triple the likelihood of caesarean section & quadruple the incidence of admission to newborn intensive care unit. Studies have indicated that the ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder complicating pregnancy. About 1-14% of all pregnancies are complicated by diabetes mellitus, 90% of them are Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). The present study was undertaken to describe clinical outcome & metabolic profile of neonates born to mothers with diabetes mellitus. Methods: It was a hospital based prospective, non-randomized study conducted at department of paediatrics in G.B. pant hospital (neonatology section) an associated hospital of GMC Srinagar. The hospital is a referral tertiary care hospital of entire Kashmir valley. All infants born to diabetic mothers admitted at G.B. Pant hospital during the study period of one year (March 2011 to February 2012) were included in study. Results: A total of 96 new-borns of diabetic mothers were included in study. 38 (40%) of these new-borns were large for gestational (LGA), 56 (58%) were Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) & two (2%) were Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Hypoglycemia was the leading morbidity & occurred in 34 (36%) of these new-borns. Hyperbilirubinemia (26 babies-27%), Hypocalcemia (5 babies-5%) & Hypomagnesemia (5 babies-5%) were other morbidities present. Out of all babies respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 12 (13%), birth asphyxia in 10 babies (12%), polycythemia in 9(10%), congenital heart disease in 3 babies (3%) & other congenital malformations in 3 babies (3%), viz-myelomeningocele, tracheoesophageal fistula, cleft lip & palate respectively. All these morbidities were managed as per standard protocols outlined for these conditions. Out of these 96 study neonates death occurred in 1 neonate having congenital heart disease (mortality of ≈1/100 cases). Conclusions: Infants born to diabetic mothers remain at high risk for development of clinical &metabolic complications. Optimal care of these infants is based on prevention, anticipation, early recognition & treatment of these conditions.

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Background: Breastfeeding is a well-established and recommended intervention for the improvement of child nutrition. Formula feeding is a major public health problem. Objective of the current study was to know the significance of demography, socioeconomic, parental education and employment and mode of delivery on exclusive breast-feeding Kashmir, North India.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study, carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, G.B Pant Hospital Srinagar Kashmir India over the period from 2014 July to June 2015. A teaching, research and tertiary care hospital at Srinagar Kashmir North India. All the mothers who were having infants in the age group 0 to 6 months were included in study. Procedure of this variables recorded were modes of feeding, demographics, socioeconomic status, literacy level, mode of delivery, place of delivery etc.Results: A total of 600 mothers were included in study. Less than 35% of mothers were exclusively breast feeding their infants. Exclusive breast feeding was significantly high in babies born by normal vaginal delivery, more than 3 antenatal visits, mother knowing advantages of breast feeding and higher parental education.Conclusions: Exclusive breast feeding is very low (less than 35%) in this part of world and formula feeding is a major public health problem.