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Eosinophils are multifunctional cells whose activities are associated with a single gene and have a diverse role in inflammation as well as in immunity (both innate and adaptive). Our understanding of this multifunctional leukocyte over the past two decades has enhanced from a definitely damaging cell to a cell actively participating in many physiological and pathological processes. Eosinophils are different from other granulocytes by their dense population of cytoplasmic crystalloid granules also known as secretory granules. These secretory granules contain full-bodied stores of various preformed cationic proteins. Numerous functions of eosinophils have been identified over the years, and there capabilities to synthesize, accumulate, and express a varied range of cytokines. The machineries leading to selective formation of preformed cytokines are especially beneficial targets when treatment is concerned. The present review discusses the recent and upcoming notion about the complexities in the structure of human eosinophils and also discusses its role in health and diseases, especially in precancer and cancer. Furthermore, an update on our knowledge of various stains and markers has been discussed in this review.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignancy of the oral cavity which is known to have a high mortality rate. During the invasion, tumor cells break through the basement membrane, penetrate the connective tissue, are embedded in or surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM), producing reactive changes in stroma. It is an established fact that tumor stroma plays a vital role in tumor progression. The ECM has an important role in tissue organization and function. Aims: The aim of the study is to assess whether special stains are useful in detecting ECM changes early invasive and well-established oral SCC (OSCC) using special stains. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study constitutes a total of 30 cases examined to study changes in ECM at early invasive and well-established OSCC cases. Two sections each was obtained from above study groups and were subjected to Van Gieson and Periodic Acid Schiff's (PAS) stains respectively, and were compared with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. Interpretation of staining intensity was carried out and statistically analyzed. Results: Matrix changes were noted using special stains in both early invasive and wellestablished OSCC as seen in their staining characteristics. Conclusion: PAS and Van Gieson are indeed useful in detecting changes in glycoprotein and collagen in well-established OSCC and early invasive OSCC.