ABSTRACT:The protective effect of anthocyanins extracted from black rice against learning and memory impairment was investigated in mice. In a Morris water maze test, mice with transient cerebral ischaemia required a longer time to find the hidden platform than the sham-operated controls. Daily treatment of cerebral-ischaemia mice with black rice extracts (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased the escape latency and increased the percentage crossing the former platform quadrant in the probe trial. Furthermore, less lipid oxidation was found in the brains of cerebral-ischaemia mice fed with black rice extract. Overall, black rice extract supplementation could be advantageous in the protection against oxidative stress and oxidative damage in the brains of cerebral-ischaemia mice.

This study investigated the effect of Eulophia macrobulbon (EM) extract on sexual performance in aged-related erectile dysfunction (ED) rats. The ethanol EM extract at the doses of 15, 150, and 450 and sildenafil citrate at the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) were administered orally to the aged male rats once daily for 21 days. Mating parameters and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured to evaluate their sexual and erection functions. Numbers of sperm and sperm motility as well as the diameter of seminiferous tubules were observed. The serum testosterone and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentration in the rat penile tissue were analyzed. The results showed the significant increased sexual motivation, copulatory performance, and ICP of aged rats treated with sildenafil citrate and all doses of EM extract as compared to control aged rats. Moreover, their serum testosterone levels were slightly increased and significant increase in penile cGMP concentration was observed in these aged rats treated with sildenafil citrate and EM extract. The results suggest that treatment with EM could inhibit activity of PDE5 in penile tissue resulting in the increased cGMP level and bring to the improvement of erectile function and sexual performance.

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Cancer is a major health problem in the developing countries. Variations of its incidence rate among geographical areas are due to various contributing factors. This study was performed to assess the spatial patterns of lung cancer incidence in the Mae Ka subdistrict, Muang district, Phayao province, based on lung cancer registry data and to determine geographical clusters. In this cross-sectional study, the cases of lung cancer were recorded from 2015 to 2020. Crude incidence rate was estimated based on age groups and sex in the province of the Mae Ka subdistrict. It uses spatial autocorrelation analysis (SAA) techniques to provide insight into the patterns, in terms of their geographical distributions and hotspot identification. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed in measuring the geographic patterns and clusters using GIS. In addition, local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and kernel density (KD) estimation were used to detect lung cancer hotspots using data at village level. Factors associated with the incidence of lung cancer was analyzed for behavior risk factors. Analysis of the spatial distribution of lung cancer shows significant differences from year to year and between different areas. The hotspot maps showed spatial trend patterns of lung cancer diffusion. Villages in the northern part revealed higher incidence. Furthermore, the spatial patterns during the years 2015, 2017 and 2019 were found to represent spatially clustered patterns, both at global and local scales. However, a clear spatial autocorrelation is observed, which can be of grate interest and importance to researchers for future epidemiological studies, and to policymakers for applying preventive measures.

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