Territorial cohesion, despite its initial ambiguity, has been successfully implemented in national and regional policies across the EU. However, its operationalisation on the local level remains a major challenge. This paper asks whether pedestrian accessibility of services and public transport nodes can be used as a measure of territorial cohesion at the local level. The presented research was conducted in 2016–19 in five neighbourhoods in Poland representing various settlement contexts: large cities, mediumsized towns and suburban areas. It adapted particular indicators of territorial cohesion established by ESPON to the neighbourhood scale. The highest levels of territorial cohesion expressed by users’ satisfaction were achieved in a neighbourhood in a medium-sized town, whereas in geographical terms, territorial cohesion reached higher levels in large cities. Despite those differences, the proposed research method based on pedestrian accessibility offers quantifiable and comparable results on territorial cohesion on the neighbourhood level.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract It was observed that inserting the arbitrary concentration into the simulation process makes the rank-size curves more similar to Zipf's law graphs than simulations based on initially equal size of each node. The hierarchical network's chain hypothesis based on the assumption that the prior cities' size differentation, resulted from geographical determinants or accidental historical events can constitute a set of preliminary priorities affecting the development of contacts. "Hierarchical chain" with different influence in the "up" direction as opposed to the "down" direction in hierarchy can be compared to the structure of sentences in a language, as well as to functioning of economic initiatives. This setup has one important property: it allows for a part of the system to be cut off without affecting organization of the remaining part of the system. When it is deleted, there is no evidence, which would indicate that the system was changed in any way. Same thing pertains when a city is dropped from the middle of the hierarchy. Similarly, adding a city does not require change of the existing rules. Cosidering the easy 'truncation' or 'expansion' properties gives the proposed system high flexibility. Systems linked by such hierarchy lead to a clear distribution following the Zipf's law, if they are "open" i.e. directing most of the contacts outside of the system, requiring handling (certain number of people) for only 'flow-through' contacts. Special attention was devoted to an assesment of stability and endurance towards disruptions in ideal hierachical order, so as to examine at which point the disturbance of hierarchical structure disrupts the characteristics consistent with Zipf's law. Both arbitrarily inserted concentration of origin and destination loads and hierarchical ordering caused the rank-sized curves to became similar or nearly identical to the ideal Zipf's law graph. Quantitive growth of old subsystems does not destroy the characteristic of the entire system. The comparison of these modellings with recently accomplished selftrainig modelling of settlement system reveals important relations between the parameter values emerged in that experiment and the hierarchical network. An other hypothetical factor is the detriment of percolation effect among local nodal areas. Terms of use: Documents in
Celem pracy jest rozpoznanie codziennych potrzeb mieszkańców obszarów zurbanizowanych w Polsce oraz ocena możliwości ich zaspokojenia w lokalnych (osiedlowych) centrach usługowych, rozumianych jako wielofunkcyjne przestrzenie publiczne zapewniające dostęp do podstawowych usług, sprzyjające integracji społecznej i budowaniu tożsamości lokalnej mieszkańców. Mając na uwadze zróżnicowaną dynamikę rozwoju osadniczego kraju, do badania wytypowano tereny reprezentujące różne formy przestrzenne obszarów zurbanizowanych: część dużego miasta i część miejscowości podmiejskiej. Badanie przeprowadzone metodą ankietową w czerwcu i lipcu 2017 roku na pl. I.L. Pereca we Wrocławiu i na rynku w Siechnicach (łącznie 232 respondentów) pozwala określić strukturę potrzeb użytkowników, praktyki ich zaspokajania oraz deficyty w zakresie usług. Zestawienie wyników dla społeczności lokalnych w mieście i na przedmieściach daje szeroki obraz relacji między sposobem zagospodarowania przestrzeni publicznych a codziennym funkcjonowaniem ich użytkowników w różnych kontekstach osadniczych. Artykuł potwierdza potrzebę tworzenia lokalnych centrów usługowych jako istotnego narzędzia w kształtowaniu jakości życia w obszarach zurbanizowanych i staje się przyczynkiem do wypracowania uniwersalnych rozwiązań funkcjonalno-przestrzennych sprzyjających budowaniu silnych społeczności lokalnych w Polsce.
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