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A new model, called STICT for surface thermodynamics using ideal chemical theory, is developed for the surface tension of liquid metal alloys. It uses the Guggenheim approach to relate surface phase properties to those in the bulk. For strongly solvated metal mixtures, ideal chemical theory is used to characterize bulk properties. The STICT model fits experimental data well for the seven systems for which sufficient data exist. Moreover, calculations of bulk and surface true compositions give some guidance to the tailoring of the surface properties of alloys for various applications.

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Figure 1. Temperature dependence of Gibbs free energy of formation of various metal oxides and carbon monoxide.' Zr Reaction 4/3Al + 0. = 213Al.°3 4/3Cr + 0. =2/3Cr.0 3The use of liquid metal solvents has broadened the application-potential of carbothermic reduction in the areas of ore reduction reactions and reactive separations. A properly chosen solvent permits pyrometallurgical reductions at temperatures far below those possible with processes that do not employ a solvent metal. Product contamination is inhibited as well. Further, solvated carbothermic reduction appears to consume substantially less energy than conventional electrochemical and metallothermic processes. o ,--,------,,.---,---,---,-----r-,----,---r--r---r---,