Transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy is an established procedure for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Complications after TRUS biopsy are not well reported in Hong Kong. This study evaluated the 5-year incidences of TRUS biopsy complications and potential risk factors for those complications. Methods: This was a retrospective review of biopsies performed from 2013 to 2017 in two local hospitals, using data retrieved from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was the occurrence of complications requiring either emergency attendances or hospitalisations within 30 days after biopsy. Potential risk factors were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: In total, 1699 men were included (mean age ± standard deviation: 67 ± 7 years; median prostatespecific antigen level: 7.9 µg/L [interquartile range, 5.5-12.6 µg/L]); 4.3% had pre-biopsy bacteriuria. Overall, 5.7% and 3.8% of post-biopsy complications required emergency attendances and hospitalisations, respectively. Gross haematuria and rectal bleeding requiring emergency attendances developed in 2.1% and 0.4% of men; 0.8% and 0.4% required hospitalisations. Furthermore, 1.5% of men developed acute urinary retention requiring hospitalisations; 1.9% and 1.2% had post-biopsy infections requiring emergency attendances and

Introduction:The use of motor vehicles is common during pregnancy. Correct seatbelt use during pregnancy has been shown to protect both the pregnant woman and her fetus. This survey aimed to evaluate the practices, beliefs, and knowledge of Hong Kong pregnant women of correct seatbelt use, and identify factors leading to reduced compliance and inadequate knowledge.Methods: A self-administered survey was completed by postpartum women in the postnatal ward at the United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, from January to April 2015. Eligible surveys were available from 495 women. The primary outcome was the proportion of pregnant women who maintained or reduced seatbelt use during pregnancy. Secondary outcomes were analysed and included knowledge of correct seatbelt use, as well as contributing factors to non-compliance and inadequate knowledge. Results:There was decreased compliance with seatbelt use during pregnancy and the decrease was in line with increasing gestation. Pregnant women's knowledge about seatbelt use was inadequate and Seatbelt use by pregnant women: a survey of knowledge and practice in Hong Kong

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Objectives To study the percentage of pregnant women who consumed omega-3 fatty acids in the course of pregnancy, and to assess their knowledge on the source and potential health benefits of these supplements. Method An anonymous self- administered questionnaire on the use and knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids was distributed to the pregnant women in the antenatal clinic in the United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong in May 2012. Result Two hundred Fifty-four questionnaires were received. Fourteen (10.9%) and fifteen (14.7%) women from the first and third trimester group reported the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids during current pregnancy respectively. The mean score of all the subjects on knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids was 7.87 out of 12. Women who were taking omega-3 supplements, who had completed tertiary education, with monthly income >HK$30,000 and who were Hong Kong residents had significantly better knowledge. About 80% of the subjects would like to have more information on the use of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation during pregnancy. Conclusion Although there is still lack of concrete evidence on the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids in pregnancy, there were 10–15% of pregnant women taking these supplements despite their fair knowledge. Further study is required to confirm the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids and better public education in this area is recommended. It would be most appreciated if medical professionals can provide more information on various nutritional supplements to pregnant women.

Purpose To assess the specificity and sensitivity of the Macular Edema Module (MEM) of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) versus Stereoscopic Color Fundus Photographs (SCFP) for patients with different grades of diabetic macular edema (ME) and non‐diabetic subjects. The effect of local exudates and hemorrhage on the specificity and sensitivity of MEM was also investigated. Methods The study included 20 eyes of 20 normal subjects without diabetes and 60 eyes of 60 diabetic patients. Eyes of diabetic patients were classified as without ME (n = 20), with questionable ME (n =20) and with Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME, n =20). All participants underwent a full ophthalmological evaluation, plus SCFP and HRT II MEM assessment. The sectors with exudate and/or hemorrhage on the SCFP were removed from the CSME group to generate a modified group (n=20) with CSME and without exudate or hemorrhage. Results In the normal subject group, the specificity of MEM was 92.2%. In the diabetes without macular edema group, the specificity of MEM was 91.7%. In the questionable ME group, the specificity of MEM was 93.1%. In the CSME group, the specificity of MEM was 87.3%, and the sensitivity for detecting CSME was 77.1%. In the modified group with CSME and without exudate or hemorrhage, the specificity of MEM was 85.7% and the sensitivity for detecting CSME was 96.9%. Conclusion The determination of diabetic macular edema by MEM shows good to moderate sensitivity and very good specificity. Furthermore, removing the influence of the exudate and/or hemorrhage resulted in excellent sensitivity and very good specificity.