This study proposes a methodology to optimise the use of average demand loss of each load bus to enhance line ratings and modify load curves, by minimising demand loss and network ageing due to elevated conductor temperatures. The considered lines are connected to load buses, operated with dynamic line rating technology and have actual conductor physical properties. The simulation of line failures considers line loadings, whose values are based on utilizations of the average demand loss of load buses where the lines are connected, and the remaining service life of the conductor. Demand response in the form of peak-shaving and valley-filling is used to modify load demand curves, with the allowable peak load reduced based on utilizations of the remaining average demand loss. The average demand loss values are determined in the preliminary screening module of the proposed method. Various trade-offs between ageing and reliability of the network are solved based on the two-objective non-sorting genetic algorithm and fuzzy decision-making method in the execution module of the proposed method. Results have shown that the proposed method is cost-effective in that it strategically increase line ageing slightly to enhance system reliability, by as much as 71.9%, based on the equal emphasis of network ageing and reliability, when compared with the scenario that only prioritizes the protection of network ageing. Line ageing is also 68.2% lower on average across the entire spectrum of rating exceedance (1% to 25%) compared to the scenario that only prioritizes enhancement of network reliability.

Integrating wind power with existing generation systems is one of the most important ways to decarbonise the power sector industry. However, integration must be considered in tandem with its effects towards the adequacy of power supply mainly due to the intermittency of wind. Costs of generators and reliability and carbon emission levels of new wind-integrated generation systems have to be considered. The diversity of demand levels by various load sectors presents an additional pressure on the adequacy of generation system, which should be considered during wind integration. Demand response is effective in relieving the load demands and reducing the number of peaks, but rescheduling energy usage incurs cost to utilities, which should be considered when it is used to aid the integrations of wind power. In this paper, a holistic methodology for optimising the integration of wind power in generation systems is proposed by considering all these factors. Multiple objectives of this optimisation are solved altogether when determining the solution considering their conflicting relationships. Analyses are based on practical data obtained from several real cases. Formulations of the optimisation objectives are generic enough to be useful in other