CdO nanoparticles with different sizes were synthesized by a simple thermal decomposition reaction of precursor obtained by room-temperature solid-state grinding reaction between Cd(CH3COO)22H2O and NaOH in the presence of PEG400. Composition, structure and morphology of the products were analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction technology, Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectra. The formation of CdO nanoparticles is thought that the nucleation rate of the reactive system is far excess the growth rate of particle. Optical properties of the products were recorded, and the results show that Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra exhibit distinct blue shift in comparison with them of the bulk CdO, which is because that the quantum confinement effect of the products is larger than the Coulomb effect. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit green and red emission bands around 520 and 720 nm respectively.

To investigate the effect of the dynamic deflection process of a two-dimensional vector nozzle on its actuator load and engine performance, a comprehensive modeling method of two-dimensional vector nozzle/actuator load/turbofan engine is proposed. Firstly, based on the two-dimensional vector nozzle spatial motion model, combined with force and moment analysis, the mechanical model of vector nozzle actuation system is established; The load spectrum of the actuating system under different working conditions and deflection angles is obtained by CFD numerical simulation results; Using AMESim, the hydraulic actuation system model of two-dimensional vector nozzle is established. Finally, a twodimensional vector nozzle/actuator/turbofan engine comprehensive model is established based on the component-level model of turbofan engine. The comprehensive model can accurately calculate the changes of main performance parameters such as engine rotor speed, thrust and pre-turbine temperature when the nozzle vector deflects. The simulation results show that the load on the nozzle actuator is positively correlated with the deflection angle, and the load change will lead to the fluctuation of the output displacement of the hydraulic actuation system. During vector deflection, due to the change of engine circulation capacity and thrust coefficient, the performance parameters such as engine low-pressure rotor speed and surge margin fluctuate greatly.

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Pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease that can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to workplace environmental factors, drugs or X-rays1–3. As one driving factor of pulmonary fibrosis, epithelial cells can proliferate and secrete many kinds of cytokines to affect fibroblasts, although the molecular mechanism is unclear4. IgA, traditionally thought to be secreted by B cells5, can activate fibroblasts6. Here, we first observed extensive IgA deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lungs of mice with pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica inhalation. Consistent with this phenomenon, spatial transcriptomic sequencing of fresh mouse lung tissues from control mice and model mice showed that Igha transcripts were highly expressed in the lesion area. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of whole mouse lung tissue from the control group and model group and reconstruction of B cell receptor (BCR) sequences revealed a new cluster of cells with a shared BCR and high expression of genes related to immunoglobulin IgA production. Surprisingly, these clonal cells had more characteristics of AT2 (alveolar epithelial cell type 2) cells than B cells, such as Sftpc, Sftpa1, and Sftpb; thus, these cells were named AT2-like cells. Therefore, we propose that secretion of IgA into the ECM by AT2-like cells is an important process that occurs during lung fibrosis. In fact, IgA has been reported to promote lung fibrosis by acting on fibroblasts6. Our research suggests that IgA levels can be used as a diagnostic tool for this type of lung fibrosis with IgA deposition. Targeted blockade of lung epithelial cell secretion of IgA may be a potential approach for treating pulmonary fibrosis.