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In this article, a modeling process is defined to address challenges in analyzing attack scenarios and mitigating vulnerabilities in networked environments. Known system vulnerability data, system configuration data, and vulnerability scanner results are considered to create exploitation graphs ( e-graphs) that are used to represent attack scenarios. Experiments carried out in a cluster computing environment showed the usefulness of proposed techniques in providing in-depth attack scenario analyses for security engineering. Critical vulnerabilities can be identified by employing graph algorithms. Several factors were used to measure the difficulty in executing an attack. A cost/benefit analysis was used for more accurate quantitative analysis of attack scenarios. The authors also show how the attack scenario analyses better help deployment of security products and design of network topologies.

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The effect of added Ag on the electro-magnetic properties and enhanced room temperature magnetoresistance in (La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3)1−x/Agx composites has been studied systematically. According to the results of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurement, we can suggest that Ag segregates at the grain surface of La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3. The results of electronic measurements show that the intrinsic insulator/metal transition temperature (TP) does not change, which is in accordance with the results for the Curie temperature (TC). It is very interesting to note that the magnetoresistance at room temperature is enhanced, which is encouraging for potential applications. These phenomena can be explained by considering that Ag, which segregated at the grain boundaries or surfaces, does not change the intrinsic structure of La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 and lead to a modification of grain boundaries.