This article mainly introduced the effect of polymers on the bonding and repairing properties of mortar, explained the reason why concrete is easily damaged in actual operation, and introduced the improvement method. Through the influencing factors of mortar cohesiveness, the corresponding improvement measures were put forward and the factors affecting the bonding strength were explained. Through the comparison of the influencing factors of mortar cohesiveness, the experimental analysis was carried out. The polymer was added to the common mortar and compared in terms of flexural and compressive strength, water absorption, shrinkage rate, and frost resistance. After analyzing the experimental data, the principle of adding polymer performance enhancement was explained. The experimental results showed that the compressive and flexural strength of the mortar added with the polymer was effectively improved, the toughness was also enhanced, and the shrinkage rate was reduced by 49.7%. In the antifreeze test, the quality of ordinary mortar decreased by 1.35%, the quality of mortar added with polymer decreased by 0.33%, and the strength of the polymer was also strengthened. The water absorption decreased by 10%, and the tensile strength increased exponentially at the same time. At 7 d, it was 3.8 times that of ordinary mortar, at 28 d, it was 5.2 times, and the tensile strength was greatly improved. In construction regulations, polymer mortar has more practical application value and can meet various needs of engineering.