In this retrospective cohort study, a consecutive series of 1551 premenopausal women underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Chronic endometritis was diagnosed when plasma cell in endometrial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry using CD138 epitope. The overall prevalence of chronic endometritis in the population studied was 24.4% The prevalence was significantly increased in the following conditions: recurrent implantation failure (40.8%; P < 0.001), abnormal uterine bleeding (40.7 %; P < 0.001), endometrial hyperplasia (50.0%, P < 0.05) and submucosal fibroid (59.1%; P < 0.001) than those without the respective conditions. The prevalence in specimens obtained from the proliferative phase (26.0%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those from the luteal phase (17.5%). Logistic regression analysis showed three significant factors affecting the prevalence, in descending order of importance: clinical presentation, endometrial hyperplasia and stage of the cycle from which the specimen was obtained. The confounding variables identified in this study may account for the wide range of published prevalence of the condition, and should be considered in the analysis of prevalence data relating to chronic endometritis.

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Objective Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurred in one of the twins is rarely seen. This study aims to describe the clinical features and outcomes of this special CDH. Study Design The medical records of all CDH neonates treated in our institution between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, appropriately. Association between the twin pregnancy and outcomes was assessed. Results Eighty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. In the multivariate analysis, liver herniation, observed/expected lung-to-head circumference ratio, and lower birth weight were independently related to the survival rate of CDH. Eleven patients were identified with CDH occurred in only one of the twins. Among them, seven patients (63.6%) were premature and six (54.5%) were found with low birth weight. Compared with CDH patients with singleton pregnancy, they had significantly higher rates of prematurity (p < 0.001) and lower birth weight (p < 0.001). Additionally, they had worse outcomes with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.015) and lower survival rate at discharge (p = 0.024). Conclusion Preterm birth and low birth weight are more common in CDH patients with twin pregnancy, which may lead to worse outcomes.