Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, but analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by histological and aetiological heterogeneity. Here we describe a comprehensive molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We propose a molecular classification dividing gastric cancer into four subtypes: tumours positive for Epstein–Barr virus, which display recurrent PIK3CA mutations, extreme DNA hypermethylation, and amplification of JAK2, CD274 (also known as PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (also knownasPD-L2); microsatellite unstable tumours, which show elevated mutation rates, including mutations of genes encoding targetable oncogenic signalling proteins; genomically stable tumours, which are enriched for the diffuse histological variant and mutations of RHOA or fusions involving RHO-family GTPase-activating proteins; and tumours with chromosomal instability, which show marked aneuploidy and focal amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification of these subtypes provides a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies.

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The long, noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is an important epigenetic regulator with a critical role in human tumors. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical application and the potential molecular mechanisms of in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression. The expression level of was determined by RT-qPCR analysis in 190 pairs of gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues (ANT). The biologic functions of were assessed by and functional experiments. RNA protein pull-down assays and LS/MS mass spectrometry analysis were performed to detect and identify the interacting protein FOXM1. Protein-RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to examine the interaction of FOXM1 and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase analyses were utilized to identify the binding site of FOXM1 on the promoter. The lncRNA was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with ANTs. High expression of predicted poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion and directly bound FOXM1 protein and increased FOXM1 posttranslationally. Moreover, is also a FOXM1-responsive lncRNA, and FOXM1 directly binds to the promoter to activate its transcription. Finally, fulfilled its oncogenic functions in a FOXM1-mediated manner. Our study suggests that promotes tumor progression by interacting with FOXM1. may be a valuable prognostic predictor for gastric cancer, and the positive feedback loop of -FOXM1 could be a therapeutic target in pharmacologic strategies..

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These findings indicate that MUC16 mutations may be associated with higher TML, better survival outcomes, and immune response and cell cycle pathways. These findings may be immediately applicable for guiding immunotherapy treatment for patients with GC.