Loess contributes considerably to understanding the interactions between dust cycles and climate change. However, systematic and regional‐scale reconstructions of variations in the dust mass accumulation rate (MAR) using Central Asian loess are lacking. Based on the high‐resolution luminescence dating of 10 loess sections, we present a stacked suborbital‐scale (multi‐millennial‐scale herein) dust MAR record over the past 30 ka in the eastern Yili Basin, Central Asia, which shows obvious advantages at representing basin‐scale dust accumulation changes when compared with that based on individual sites. The stacked results in the eastern Yili Basin indicate that the MAR level remained high during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by a dramatically decreasing trend throughout the last deglaciation, and exhibited a slight decrease during the early Holocene and early middle Holocene, followed by a clear increasing trend toward the late Holocene. We propose that changes in the Siberian High intensity dominantly modulated the aforementioned MAR variations. These results effectively link dust accumulation to the Siberian High, imply a possibly weakened dust activity in the Yili Basin at a long‐term scale under future global warming scenarios, and also provide a significant reference for dust accumulation reconstruction in other basins in Central Asia.

The current global warming trend has exacerbated our concerns about future changes in land surface temperature (LST), a parameter that has profound impact on terrestrial ecosystems including many aspects of human life (IPCC, 2019). In the quest of better understanding continental climatic changes, documenting and deciphering underlying physical principles of long-term LST evolution in historical periods are critical. However, due to the lack of suitable tools, long-term terrestrial paleotemperature reconstruction is extremely rare, which increases the uncertainty of our projection of future trend for temperature changes. It remains uncertain whether land temperature should have followed the same long-term cooling trend as inferred from marine records over the

Understanding hydroclimatic variations during the deglaciation and Holocene is vital for projecting future hydroclimate under warming scenarios. In monsoonal Asia, gradual weakening of summer monsoon strength since the mid-Holocene is widely documented (