Cr3+‐doped phosphors have recently gained attention for their application in broadband near‐infrared phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs), but generally exhibit low efficiency. In this work, K2Ga2Sn6O16:Cr3+ (KGSO:Cr) phosphor was designed and synthesized. The experimental results show that the Cr3+‐doped phosphor exhibited broadband emissivity in the range 650‐1300 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 220‐230 nm excited by a wavelength of 450 nm. With the co‐doping of Gd3+ ions, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the KGSO:Cr phosphor increased from 34% to 48%. The Gd3+ ions acted neither as activators nor sensitizers, but to justify the crystal field environment for efficient Cr3+ ions broad emission. The Huang‐Rhys factor decreased as the co‐doping of Gd3+ ions increased, demonstrating that the nonradiative transitions were suppressed. An efficient strategy for enhancing the luminescence properties of Cr3+ ions is proposed for the first time. The Gd3+–co‐doped KGSO:Cr phosphor is a promising candidate for broadband NIR pc‐LEDs.

Objectives: To know the long-term therapeutic effects and the pain improvement after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with and without back muscle rehabilitation exercises in elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using records of elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020. We extracted relevant hospitalization treatment and record of follow-up data after discharge from 45 patients treated with PKP (Group-I) and 56 treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercises (Group-II). We compared the total effective lumbar function rates(number of effective and perfectly effective treatments/total number of patients) and inprovement in pain of the two treatment schemes. Results: The total efficacy in the group receiving treatment in Group-II was 96.43% higher than that of the patients receiving treatment in Group-I (84.44%; P<0.05). The pain VAS scores at one, six and 12 months in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). A year after the operation, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). Whereas Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were higher in the patient’s receiving treatment in Group-II as compared to Group-I (P<0.05). Conclusion: After elderly patients were treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercise of lumbar and dorsal muscle function, the curative effect was significantly improved, the pain was reduced and the lumbar function was significantly improved. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5873 How to cite this:Jin J, Shen W. Long-term therapeutic effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with & without back muscle rehabilitation exercise in elderly patients. A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5873 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The preparation and characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL material are described and recent improvements are also dealt with. The reproducibility, glow curve structure and other properties of LiF:Mg,Cu,P are dependent not only on the dopant concentration and crystallisation procedure but also on the thermal treatment programme, i.e. the temperature and the time of annealing. Usually the sensitivity (light integration) of LiF:Mg,Cu,P is influenced by the high temperature peak (250 oC). The combined annealing method (270 oC/240 oC double temperatures) can significantly reduce the higher temperature peak and therefore the TL repeatability is improved. Once the optimised preparation procedure and thermal treatment are chosen, the TL sensitivity is stable with re-use. The experimental results show that LiF:Mg,Cu,P has a promising potential in routine applications, (e.g. personal and environmental monitoring for gamma radiation) especially for ultra-low dose monitoring.

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