The low-energy threshold and the large detector size of Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (PINGU) can make the study on neutrino oscillations with a planet-scale baseline possible. In this task, we consider the configuration that neutrinos are produced at CERN and detected in the PINGU detector, as a benchmark. We discuss its sensitivity of measuring the size of non-standard interactions (NSIs) in matter, which can be described by the parameter αβ (α and β are flavors of neutrinos). We find that the CERN-PINGU configuration improves˜ µµ ≡ µµ − τ τ and µτ significantly compared to the next-generation accelerator neutrino experiments. Most of degeneracy problems in the precision measurements can be resolved, except the one for˜ µµ ∼ −0.035. Moreover, we point out that this configuration can also be used to detect the CP violation brought by NSIs. Finally, we compare the physics potential in this configuration to that for DUNE, T2HK and P2O, and find that the CERN-PINGU configuration can significantly improve the sensitivity to NSIs.

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Synoptic eddies (with a period of two to eight days) are active in the South China Sea-Philippine Sea (SCS-PS) and control weather variations. In addition, the intensity and frequency of synoptic eddies may change along with variations in sea surface temperatures (SST). This paper presented the influence of SST in the northwest Indian Ocean on synoptic eddies in the lower troposphere over the SCS-PS in June. Our statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the SST in the northwest Indian Ocean and the synoptic scale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the SCS-PS. By analyzing the EKE budget of synoptic eddies, we found that the variation in the synoptic scale EKE over the SCS-PS is mainly due to the change in the monthly zonal wind gradient, which affects the barotropic energy conversion between the monthly mean flow and the synoptic eddies. Additionally, the northwest Indian Ocean SST modulates the monthly flow over the SCS-PS by alternating the strength of the Walker circulation in the west Pacific and Indian Ocean. Finally, the influence of SST in the northwest Indian Ocean on EKE in the SCS-PS was reproduced using the simplified atmospheric general circulation model, SPEEDY.