Two new oleanane saponins, named flaccidoside II and III, were isolated from the rhizome of ANEMONE FLACCIDA Fr. Schmidt. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation their structures were elucidated as 3- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid 28- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- D-glucopyranoside] and 3- O-[beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-xylopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid 28- O-[alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta- D-glucopyranoside].
Am Lignan (-)-Cubebin (1) aus Piper cubebn (Piperaceae)') und Aristolochia triangularis Cfaarnisso (Aristo1ochiaceae)z) ist die sterische Anordnung der halbacetalischen Hydroxyl-Gruppe an C-9' noch nicht gesichertl. *). Sie 1af3t sich aus dem in CDCI,/D,O aufgenommenen 300 MHz-'H-NMR-Spektrum (Tab. 1) ableiten.Die unmittelbar nach Losen von 1 exakt zu bestimmende Kopplungskonstante Js,, 9, = 4.6 Hz entspricht3) einem Diederwinkel von ca. 40" bzw. 135" zwischen dem pseudoaquatorialen') H-8' und dem Carbinolproton H-9'. Offenbar ist H-9' in der aus Ether umkristallisierten Substanz 1 (Schmp. 13 1-1 33")2) pseudoaquatorial a-standig und die Hydroxyl-Gruppe pseudoaxial P-standig angeordnet (Diederwinkel H-8'/H-9' im Dreiding-Model1 ca. 25-35", in beiden extremen Konformationen des Furanol-Ringes). Wie bei ahnlichen Lignanen4s tritt nach Losen ein 2. Signal mit abweichender Kopplungskonstanten J s~, 9' auf (Tab. l), das auf eine Epimerisierung zu ,,Epicubebin" (2) zuriickzufuhren ist, welches offenbar nach ca. 4 Tagen (Raum-Temp.) in einem Gleichgewicht mit 1 vorliegt. Der fur 2 bestimmte Wert von Js,, 9' = 1.8 Hz (CDClJ DzO) entspricht einem Diederwinkel von ca. 60" bzw. 115" 3, und damit der pseudoaquatorialen a-Stellung der Hydroxyl-Gruppe (Diederwinkel H-8'/H-9' im Dreiding-Model1 ca. 90" oder 150" je nach Konformation des Furanol-Ringe~)~). Beim Ubergang von 1 nach 2 wird zusatzlich, offenbar infolge einer Konformationsanderung des Fura-
Three impurities of pramipexole dihydrochloride were synthesized, and the possible generation mechanisms and the preparation methods of some impurities were reviewed. The desired configuration at C7 of 3 was built by a Mitsunobu reaction.
A series of benzamide derivatives possessing potent dopamine D 2 , serotonin 5-HT 1A , and 5-HT 2A receptor properties were synthesized and evaluated as potential antipsychotics. Among them, 5-(4-(4-(benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butoxy)-N-cyclopropyl-2-fluorobenzamide (4k) held the best pharmacological profile. It not only exhibited potent and balanced activities for the D 2 , 5-HT 1A , and 5-HT 2A receptors, but was also endowed with low to moderate activities for the 5-HT 2C , H 1 , and M 3 receptors, suggesting a low propensity for inducing weight gain or diabetes. In animal models, compound 4k reduced phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity with a high threshold for catalepsy or muscle relaxation induction. On the basis of its robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of schizophrenia, 4k was selected as a candidate for further development. K E Y W O R D S 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 2A , catalepsy, D 2 , PCP-induced hyperactivity
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