Aims: Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) may increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic risk factors. However, data regarding the relationship between SSB consumption and metabolic risk factors are insufficient in Chinese children. Hence, we aimed to explore the association between SSB consumption and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children aged 7–18 years living in South China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 2,032 children aged 7–18 years were enrolled, including 1,013 boys and 1,019 girls. Based on a multistage cluster sampling, five elementary and four secondary schools in Guangzhou, China were included. Fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated. Information on demography, dietary, and physical activities were self-reported.Results: Overall, 34.7% participants were non-drinkers and 21.6% consumed more than 120 mL/day SSB. The body mass index (19.43 ± 0.18 kg/m2) and triglyceride concentration (0.96 ± 0.03 mmol/L) were higher and high-density lipoprotein concentration (1.32 ± 0.31 mmol/L) was lower in consumers than in non-consumers (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, in contrast to non-consumers, the adjusted odds ratio of SSB consumption more than 120 mL/day was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.21–3.54) for obesity, 1.83 (95% CI: 1.25–2.69) for abdominal obesity, and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.02–3.06) for hypertriglyceridemia in consumers.Conclusion: A positive association between SSB consumption and the risks of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia was observed in children living in South China, which suggests that high SSB consumption enhances the risk of cardio-metabolic risk factors and the consequent cardio-metabolic diseases.

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Elevated plasma 7-KC levels are associated with the incident CVD events in a population-based cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a factor involved in Alzheimer's disease, which recently attracted great attention as an important protein related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, serum ApoE levels and its diagnosis and prognosis value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are still unknown. In 196 NSCLC patients and 203 healthy controls, serum ApoE was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. The associations of serum ApoE levels with the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients were analyzed. Serum ApoE levels were obviously elevated in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls (41.6 ± 11.63 vs. 33.8 ± 6.24 mg/L) and were associated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis status, and distant metastasis status (all P < 0.0001). For NSCLC diagnosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.71 at a specificity of 0.90 and sensitivity of 0.47. For lymph node metastasis predicting, the area under the ROC curve was 0.68 at a specificity of 0.56 and sensitivity of 0.73. From ROC/area under curve (AUC) analysis, we used 41.25 mg/L as the serum ApoE cut-off value, to divide NSCLC patients into two groups, the median survival was 11.0 weeks (95 % CI = 8.7 to 13.3) for patients in high serum ApoE group and 20.0 weeks (95 % CI = 15.0 to 25.0) in low serum ApoE group. Serum ApoE levels elevated in NSCLC patients, which also associated with TNM stages, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis, suggest that serum ApoE may act as a useful clinical serological biomarkers for evaluating the progress of NSCLC.

ApoE has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we explored the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of serum ApoE in breast cancer patients. Subject cohorts consisted of 152 normal healthy controls female and 257 breast cancer cases. Serum levels of ApoE were determined with turbidimetric immunoassay. The serum levels of ApoE were significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared with normal healthy controls (45.82 ± 13.96 mg/L vs. 33.61 ± 6.44 mg/L, respectively, P < 0.0001) and also significantly associated with TNM stage and lymph nodes status (all P < 0.05). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve for serum ApoE discriminate breast cancer patients from controls was 0.786 with specificity of 0.974 and sensitivity of 0.541, the cut-off value of ApoE was 43.15 mg/L. Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis showed that the high serum ApoE group (serum ApoE ≥ 43.15 mg/L) had a poorer progression-free survival and overall survival compared with low serum ApoE group (serum ApoE < 43.15 mg/L) (all P < 0.05). In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis displayed serum ApoE as an independent risk factor of breast cancer patients prognosis (all P < 0.05). Serum ApoE played a role as serological biomarkers that indicated diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in breast cancer patients.