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Background: The objective of this review and meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy of conbercept and ranibizumab, combined with or without laser photocoagulation, in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). Methods: Several databases have been used to identify relevant publications. After screening, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare conbercept and ranibizumab with the support of RevMan 5.3 (Cochrane Library Software, Oxford, UK). Results: In this study, 9 randomized controlled trials and 6 retrospective trials were included with a total of 1180 patients. No significant difference was found in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or central macular thickness (CMT) in the baseline parameters [BCVA (weighted mean difference (WMD): –0.01; 95% confidence interval CI: –0.03 to 0.01; P = .17), CMT (WMD: 20.14; 95% CI: –26.70 to 66.97; P = .40). No significant differences were found in the improvements of BCVA and adverse events (AEs) between the 2 groups after injection of loading dosage [the 1st month BCVA (WMD: –0.01; 95% CI: –0.04 to 0.02; P = .54),the 3rd month BCVA (WMD: –0.02; 95% CI: -–0.05 to 0.01; P = .23), the 6th month BCVA (WMD: –0.02; 95% CI: –0.05 to 0.01; P = .27), AEs (odds ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.84; P = .66)]. However, there were significant differences between conbercept and ranibizumab treatment in terms of CMT [1st month CMT (WMD: –11.70; 95% CI: –19.71 to –3.68; P < .01), 3rd month CMT (WMD: –10.08; 95% CI: –15.62 to –4.53; P < .01), 6th month CMT (WMD: –15.83; 95% CI: –22.88 to –8.78; P < .01)] and the number of injections (WMD, –0.36; 95% CI: –0.68 to –0.04; P = .03). Conclusion: The current pooled evidence suggested that both therapies of intravitreal conbercept and intravitreal ranibizumab with or without laser photocoagulation are effective in vision function in RVO-ME patients, and confirmed that conbercept has advantages over ranibizumab in terms of CMT and the number of injections for treating RVO-ME. In addition, conbercept has the statistically same visual gains and safety as ranibizumab in RVO-ME patients. Longer-term follow-up surveys on the safety and effectiveness of these 2 treatment regimens are required.

IntroductionMyopia is the most common visual disorder in school-aged children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to explore the ocular biometric characteristics of children aged 6–14 years from the Wenzhou optometry center and to determine the relationship between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and macular pigment optical density (MPOD).Subjects and methodsParticipants underwent a full-scale ophthalmic examination anteriorly and posteriorly. Relevant parameters were documented, such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), SER and lens thickness (LT), corneal curvature radius (CCR), and MPOD. Lens power (LP) was calculated using Bennett’s formula. Shapiro–Wilk tests and histograms were used to check the normality of the distribution of refractive and ocular biometric parameters. Scatter diagrams were adopted to analyze the relationships between refraction and parameters of ocular biometry. Multiple linear regression models were employed to fit the associated factors of AL, AL/CCR, and LP.ResultsA total of 902 mild hyperopia to mild myopia (+3.00 D ≤ SE ≤ −3.00 D) children aged 6–14 years were included. The mean age of participants was 10.03 ± 2.47 years, and the prevalence of mild hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia was 5.65, 27.05, and 67.30%, respectively. The prevalence of mild myopia increased from 30.53% at 6 years of age to 93.62% at 14 years of age. Overall, AL, ACD, and AL/CCR increased, but LP declined from 6 to 14 years of age, whereas CCR and MPOD remained stable. An increase of 1 mm in AL was associated with −0.69 D of myopic change. A unit increase in AL/CCR was associated with −7.87 D in SER. As for the SER variance, AL explained 30.5% and AL/CCR explained 51.1%, whereas AL/CCR and LP accounted for 59.2%.DiscussionIn this work, we have studied the distributions of ocular biometric characteristics of mild hyperopia to mild myopia children from the perspective of an optometry center rather than a sampling survey. In addition, we found that children from the optometry center had a slower progression toward myopia than those from previous sampling surveys, which was an informative finding for future myopia prevention. In addition, we have made a correlation analysis between the macular pigment optical density and spherical equivalent refraction. Though, no correlation was found.

AIM: To observe and characterize imaging features of macular and optic disc areas in less than 60-year-old patients with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to evaluate the diagnostic value of OCT and OCTA. METHODS: Totally 15 patients (23 eyes) with early POAG as observation group and 30 health people (30 eyes) as normal control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. OCTA-based superficial macula vessel density, superficial macula perfusion density, superficial optic disc vessel density, superficial optic disc perfusion density and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)-based macular area thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured in the two groups. Independent t-test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were used to measure the diagnostic utility. RESULTS: Among all the parameters, the optimal diagnostic utility parameter was the superficial vessel density in the macular area (except the center of the macula), and the AUROC reached 0.98. The diagnostic utility of macular area perfusion density (except the center of the macula) was similar to that of superficial vessel density in the macular area, and the AUROC was above 0.97. Followed by the diagnostic utility of vessel density in the optic disc area, the best parameter was the inner ring of the vessel density, and its AUROC reached 0.97. The diagnostic utility of perfusion density in the optic disc area was slightly lower than that of vessel density in the optic disc area. The best parameter was the central optic disc perfusion density, and its AUROC was 0.95. The SD-OCT-based diagnostic utility parameters were generally lower than that mentioned above, the top three parameters were the inferior RNFL thickness (AUROC=0.919), the superior (AUROC=0.919) and the inferior GCC thickness (AUROC=0.9077). CONCLUSION: The OCT-based diagnostic utility parameters are generally lower than the OCTA-based diagnostic utility parameters. OCTA has an important clinical application value in diagnosis and evaluation for less than 60-year-old patients with early POAG.

Purpose: To compare Infliximab and Adalimumab on the efficacy and safety for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Methods: We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library databases, with language restricted in English, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang databases up to September 2022. The incidences of complete inflammation remission, overall inflammation remission, adverse events and corticosteroid-sparing effects were evaluated. Results: Eleven clinical trials covering 1459 NIU patients were included. Complete inflammation remission after therapy was achieved in 161 (37.5%) patients in Infliximab group and 151 (39.6%) patients in Adalimumab group. These two groups had no significant difference (P = 0.37). Overall inflammation remission of anti-TNF drugs involved 449 patients, with 241/272 (88.6%) being treated with Infliximab and 153/177 (86.4%) being treated with Adalimumab. No significant difference was observed with regard to the overall inflammation remission between the two cohorts (P = 0.86). There were no significant differences between Infliximab and Adalimumab as far as corticosteroid-sparing effects (P = 0.58). Pooled effect size (P = 0.001) showed a statistically significant difference, with incidence of adverse events being 17.91% in Infliximab and 12.12% in Adalimumab. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies suggests that Infliximab and Adalimumab offer similar therapeutic efficacy and corticosteroid-sparing effects for patients with NIU. But Adalimumab has a marginal advantage over Infliximab in terms of adverse events. Large-scale RCTs with a longer follow-up are required to further evaluate these two anti-TNF-α agents for NIU patients.