A digital predistortion waveform shaping scheme combined with a blue filter is proposed to optimize both the rise and fall times of a light-emitting diode (LED) and the optical receiver current of the signal of the real-time visible light communication (VLC) system. The proposed scheme is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a digital-to-analog converter based test bed, which is flexible and reconfigurable by programming the FPGA to match different LED characteristics and varied data rates. A 262-Mb/s non-return-to-zero on-off keying modulation based real-time VLC link with a bit error rate of less than 1.0 × 10 −6 is achieved over a transmission distance of 5.0 m, which uses a single white phosphorous LED with a limited power of 0.1 W.

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We experimentally demonstrated a 180 Mbps real-time visible light communication link with a low-cost and low-complexity adder-circuit-based feed forward equalizer with achieved extremely low bit error rate at 2.8710-6 over 2.3 m transmission distance.

A degenerated MAC layer feedback-repeat reliable transmission scheme was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for LiFi networking with B5G/6G. The experimental results of end-to-end packet loss ratio precedes 1/10000 (equals to 99.999% reliability).

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