Transthoracic ultrasound is widely used in to diagnose and treat lung diseases, such as pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax and pulmonary edema. Recently, intraoperative transthoracic ultrasound was used to promptly identify two cases of early pneumothorax in patients that underwent liver surgery. We documented the process of pneumothorax occurrence and the patient outcomes. Timely discovery and effective real-time monitoring and evaluation of the scope of pneumothorax ensured the smooth completion of the operation and successfully avoided closed thoracic drainage in one case, avoiding further patient trauma. Indeed, intraoperative ultrasound is an effective approach to diagnose and evaluate pneumothorax that does not affect the progress of surgery and is more convenient and sensitive than conventional chest radiography.

No abstract

Third-party security apps are an integral part of the Android app ecosystem. Many users install them as an extra layer of protection for their devices. There are hundreds of such security apps, both free and paid in Google Play Store and some of them are downloaded millions of times. By installing security apps, the smartphone users place a significant amount of trust towards the security companies who developed these apps, because a fully functional mobile security app requires access to many smartphone resources such as the storage, text messages and email, browser history, and information about other installed applications. Often these resources contain highly sensitive personal information. As such, it is essential to understand the mobile security apps ecosystem to assess whether is it indeed beneficial to install them. To this end, in this paper, we present the first empirical study of Android security apps. We analyse 100 Android security apps from multiple aspects such as metadata, static analysis, and dynamic analysis and presents insights to their operations and behaviours. Our results show that 20% of the security apps we studied potentially resell the data they collect from smartphones to third parties; in some cases, even without the user consent. Also, our experiments show that around 50% of the security apps fail to identify malware installed on a smartphone.