In order to study the restoring force characteristics of corroded steel frame beams in an acidic atmosphere, based on different corrosion damage degrees, tests on the material properties of 48 steel samples and six steel frame beam specimens with a scale ratio of 1/2 under low cyclic repeated loading were conducted. According to the test results, the relationship between the weight loss rate and the mechanical properties of corrosion damage steel was obtained by numerical regression analysis, and the hysteresis curves and skeleton curves of the corroded steel frame beams were also obtained. The simplified trilinear skeleton curve model of the corroded steel frame beams and the expression of the corresponding feature points were determined by analyzing the failure process. The strength and stiffness degradation rule of the steel frame beam was analyzed furtherly. The hysteresis rule was established by introducing the cyclic degradation index which considers the effect of different corrosion degrees, and finally the restoring force model based on the corroded steel frame beams in an acidic atmospheric environment was established. Comparison with the test results show that the skeleton curve and the restoring force model established in this paper can accurately describe the seismic performance of corrosion damaged steel frame beams and can provide a basis for the seismic calculation analysis of corroded steel structures in an acidic atmosphere.