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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multi-factorial disorder that causes systemic symptoms beyond rhinologic symptoms alone. A possible association between autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and CRS has been identified; however, few studies have confirmed this observation. In this study, we prospectively measured changes in ANS dysfunction symptoms following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and explored the impact of ANS dysfunction on surgical outcomes of CRS. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with CRS who consented to surgical intervention were included prospectively. All patients completed the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and the 31-item Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS 31) questionnaires before the operation and during the follow-up period. Clinical demographic data, Lund-Mackay, and modified Lund-Kennedy scores were recorded and measured.Results: A total of 102 patients were enrolled. The median SNOT-22 and COMPASS 31 scores significantly improved following FESS from 43.0 to 14.0 and 21.0 to 11.2 (all P<0.001), respectively. FESS led to a significant reduction in the prevalence of various ANS dysfunction symptoms. In multivariate analyses, revision surgeries (odds ratio [OR] 5.012, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.524-16.489; P=0.008), CRS with nasal polyps (OR 4.071, 95% CI 1.454-11.40; P=0.008), and higher Pre-FESS COMPASS 31 scores (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.003-1.084; P=0.036) were independent risk factors for uncontrolled inflammation following FESS.Conclusions: ANS dysfunction symptoms are prevalent in CRS and higher preoperative COMPASS 31 scores correspond with poor surgical outcomes. Following FESS, the majority of ANS dysfunction symptoms can be alleviated. Further investigations are required to explore the possible mechanism of how ANS is involved in the pathogenesis of CRS.

Objectives We aimed to explore the impact of weight change on abdominal aortic calcification among males. Methods Data were obtained from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Self-reported cardiovascular disease patients were excluded. Lateral spine images were used to quantify AAC score and severe AAC was defined as AAC score &gt;6. Weight change over a 10-year period was defined as long-term weight change, while weight change over a 1-year period was defined as short-term weight change. The relationship between long- and short-term weight change with AAC grade was estimated by using multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Results After adjusting for covariates, weight gain, especially severe weight gain(&gt;10kg), was associated with increased likelihood of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC no matter in short term(1 year) or long term(10 years) life among males when compared to stable weight change, while long term weight loss could also lead to an increased likelihood of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC. Conclusions Stable body weight might be a predictor of a lower risk of abdominal aortic calcification and severe AAC among males no matter in the long term or short term.

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