No abstract

Assess the physical quality of agricultural soils it is important to establish the management more adequate for plant growth. In this study, the soil water retention curve and S index as indicators of soil physical quality were evaluated in five integrated production systems in the following forestry arrangements: Eucalyptus in a single line, double line and triple line (Eucalyptus I, II and III respectively), Balsa in triple line and Teak triple line. The density and arrangement of forest trees influence the soil physical properties. Less soil water retention was observed in the Teak and Balsa wood systems in the layers 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. The field capacity, permanent wilting point, and available water were lower under the projection from the treetops, providing less soil water retention at this site. This position suffers more influence of the animal's footstep, having greater alterations on the soil structure. Integrated production systems showed poor soil structural quality based on the S index, averaging 0.034 and 0.035 for layers 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m respectively.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity of six areas located in the Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and to identify physical attributes of soils with potential for predicting effective hydraulic conductivity. The tests to determine the effective hydraulic conductivity were carried out in six areas, covering the textural classes sand, sandy loam and clay, and the following uses: pasture, Cerrado and agriculture. Particle size, sand fractionation, total carbon content, degree of clay flocculation, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, mean weight diameter, mean geometric diameter and aggregate stability index were determined. From the data, statistical analyses of contrasts were performed by the Kruskal - Wallis test, and simple Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined between variables. The average values of effective hydraulic conductivity for the pasture, agriculture and Cerrado areas were 95.73, 27.83 and 48.31 mm h-1, respectively. Higher value of effective hydraulic conductivity was observed in the Pasture area point 2 when compared to the Agriculture area point 2, because the amount of clay determined in Agriculture area was approximately 16 times greater than that of the area Pasture point 2, conditioning lower water infiltration in the soil profile of the area Agriculture point 2. Among the physical attributes analyzed, those with the highest potential for Ke prediction were: clay, silt, sand (coarse, medium and fine), total carbon and aggregate stability index.

The objective of this work was to compare the structural quality and water retention curve of a Haplustox under single, double, and triple "paricá" (Ochroma pyramidale) lines in an integrated production system at 50 months of implantation. Soil was collected from five sampling points considering the distances from the tree lines. Undisturbed samples were collected from the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20-m layers in order to assess porosity, density, soil penetration resistance, soil water retention curve, and the "S" index. The forest arrangement based on three paricá lines promoted better soil physical conditions than the system using single lines. The main changes were recorded in the 0.10-0.20-m layer, with increased microporosity and decreased cryptoporosity and resistance to penetration. The arrangements using single and double paricá lines result in higher volume of available water and greater soil compaction.Index terms: Ochroma pyramidale, ICLF, physical quality of the soil, retention curve, water in the soil. Atributos físico-hídricos do solo em sistema integrado de produção com diferentes arranjos do componente florestal paricáResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a qualidade estrutural e a curva de retenção de água de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob arranjos de linhas simples, duplas e triplas de paricá (Ochroma pyramidale), em um sistema integrado de produção com 50 meses de implantação. O solo foi coletado em cinco pontos de amostragem em relação à distância do renque das árvores. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m para avaliar porosidade, densidade, resistência do solo à penetração, curva de retenção de água no solo e índice "S". O arranjo florestal com três linhas de paricá promoveu melhores condições físicas ao solo em comparação ao renque de linha simples. As principais alterações ocorreram na camada de 0,10-0,20 m, com aumento da microporosidade e diminuição da criptoporosidade e da resistência à penetração. Os arranjos com paricá em linhas simples e dupla resultam em maiores volumes de água indisponíveis e compactação ao solo.Termos para indexação: Ochroma pyramidale, ILPF, qualidade física do solo, curva de retenção, água do solo.

SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE PRODUÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA NO NORTE DE MATO GROSSO E AS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DO SOLO Áreas com sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPA) vêm aumentando consideravelmente nos últimos anos no Brasil. Com isso, estudos relativos à qualidade física do solo têm sido essenciais na orientação do melhor manejo a ser adotado evitando prejuízos com a degradação física do solo. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo sob sistemas integrados de produção no norte de Mato Grosso após quatro anos de implantação. O experimento foi instalado em janeiro de 2009 na Unidade de Referência Tecnológica (URT) da EMBRAPA Agrossilvipastoril na Fazenda Gamada, município de Nova Canaã do Norte, MT. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (CLFI) nos seguintes arranjos florestais: Eucalipto em linha simples, linha dupla e linha tripla (Eucalipto I, II e III respectivamente), Teca em linha tripla e Pau-balsa em linha tripla. Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada foram coletadas na direção transversal das espécies florestais, para avaliação da densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração e porosidade do solo. Foi observada maior densidade do solo nos sistemas com Teca e Pau-balsa. A resistência à penetração do solo foi maior no sistema com teca em linha tripla. A densidade de árvores assim como os arranjos florestais influem sobre as propriedades físicas do solo. Os sistemas integrados de produção com componente florestal eucalipto proporcionaram menor degradação física do solo após quatro anos de implantação. Independentemente dos sistemas analisados, os valores das propriedades físicas, em geral, indicaram que o uso agrícola do solo associado ao histórico de uso da área experimental provocou aumento do efeito restritivo ao desenvolvimento radicular das culturas.Palavras-chave: densidade do solo, eucalyptus, física do solo, ILPF, Ochroma pyramidale, Tectona grandis. ABSTRACT:The areas with integrated agricultural production systems have increased considerably in recent years in Brazil. Thus, soil physical quality studies are essential in guiding the best management to be adopted, avoiding damages with the soil physical degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of a Red Yellow Latosol under integrated production systems in the north of Mato Grosso after four years of implementation. The experiment was installed in January 2009 at the Technological Reference Unit (URT) of EMBRAPA Agrossilvipastoril at Fazenda Gamada, municipality of Nova Canaã do Norte, MT. The treatments consisted of five systems of crop-livestock-forestry integration (ICLF) in the following forestry arrangements: Eucalyptus in single line, double line and triple line (Eucalyptus I, II and III respectively), Teak in triple line and Pau-balsa in triple line. Soil samples with preserved structure were collected in the transverse direction of the forest species, to evaluate bulk density, soil resistance to penetration and soil porosity. There was higher bulk density in the ICLF systems with Teak and Pau-balsa. The penetration resistance of the soil was higher in the system with Teak in triple line. The trees density as well the forestry arrangements influence the soil physical properties. The integrated production systems with forest component Eucalyptus provided less physical degradation of the soil after four years of implantation. Regardless of the analyzed systems, the values of the physical properties in general indicated that the agricultural use of the soil associated with the history of the experimental area caused an increase of the restrictive effect to the root development of the cultures.Keywords: bulk density, eucalyptus, soil physics, ICLF, Ochroma pyramidale, Tectona grandis.