The control of insects of medical importance, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are still the only effective way to prevent the transmission of diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Their control is performed mainly using chemical products; however, they often have low specificity to non-target organisms, including humans. Also, studies have reported resistance to the most commonly used insecticides, such as the organophosphate and pyrethroids. Biological control is an ecological and sustainable method since it has a slow rate of insect resistance development. Bacterial species of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus have been the target of several research groups worldwide, aiming at their use in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial products. This review highlights articles referring to the use of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus for insects and especially for mosquito control proposing future ways for their biotechnological applicability. Approximately 24 species of Xenorhabdus and five species of Photorhabdus have been described to have insecticidal properties. These studies have shown genes that are capable of encoding low molecular weight proteins, secondary toxin complexes and metabolites with insecticide activities, as well as antibiotic, fungicidal and antiparasitic molecules. In addition, several species of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus showed insecticidal properties against mosquitoes. Therefore, these biological agents can be used in new control methods, and must be, urgently considered in short term, in studies and applications, especially in mosquito control.

These results identify two living African-Brazilian populations that carry unique and important genetic information regarding Amerindian history. These populations will be extremely valuable in future investigations into American pre-history and Native American evolutionary dynamics.

SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, spread worldwide, reaching pandemic status in March 2020. In this scenario, dengue epidemics continue to impact endemic countries. Taking into account an increase in dengue cases worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic may signal a serious danger to global public health. In some countries the pandemic coincided with already installed dengue epidemics. Thus, understanding the collective constituents of arboviruses in pandemic times is fundamental for a significant analysis. The present work brings a narrative review elucidating important impacts resulting from the co-epidemic and its consequences in a broader perspective. Problems with the differential diagnosis of these infections are aggravating factors for the decision of clinical management and prognosis of infected individuals. In addition, socioeconomic characteristics and ethnicity are fundamental factors for both dengue transmission dynamics and COVID-19. It also stands out, a scenario that represents a high risk of collapse for health services in facing challenges for combating and managing resources. Therefore, we conclude that in order to overcome the crisis of simultaneous epidemics and their serious consequences, historical aspects and their relationship with the conditions of social vulnerability need to be taken into account, in addition to promoting specific actions for their combat.

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RESUMOO uso agrícola altera os atributos do solo. Visando analisar as modificações químicas e físicas do solo decorrentes de seu uso, objetivou-se avaliar atributos químicos e físicos do solo submetido ao plantio de laranja e pastagem em comparação com o seu estado natural (mata). Para cada uso foram coletadas amostras nas profundidades de 0-20 cm, procedendo as análises químicas e físicas do solo. O uso do solo com pastagem, cultivo de laranja e mata nativa não diferiram estatisticamente entre si em todas as variáveis analisadas, possivelmente em função do pouco tempo de conversão da área de pastagem para cultivo de laranja. O dendrograma de similaridade construído com as variáveis dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo mostra que a pastagem e mata nativa são mais semelhantes entre si, estando em grupo distinto do cultivo com laranja. PALAVRAS -CHAVE: laranja lima, manejo do solo, mata nativa, pastagem CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES WITH DIFFERENT MANAGEMENTS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS MICRO-REGION OF QUILOMBOS -ALAGOASABSTRACT The agricultural land use changes the attributes of the soil. To analyze the chemical changes of soil resulting from its use, aimed to evaluate some chemical and physical soil properties when subjected to plant orange, pasture and its relationship to its natural state (forest). For each use samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm, carrying the chemical and physical soil analysis. The land use to grazing, cultivation of orange and bushland not differ statistically in all variables, possibly due to the short time of conversion of pasture area for growing oranges. The similarity dendrogram constructed with the variables of chemical and physical soil properties shows that pasture and native forest are more similar to each other, being in a different group with orange cultivation.