Abstract-Plants have the potential to metabolize the munition 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in contaminated soils, sediments, and natural waters. However, microbial interference must be eliminated to demonstrate an intrinsic capacity for the metabolism of TNT by plants. An axenic sand culture system for smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) was established to investigate the influence of TNT on smooth bromegrass growth and metabolism. Shoot length growth was inhibited by 40% after 14 d of exposure to TNT at 36 mg/L in the sand solution, whereas photosynthetic and respiration rates were similar to controls. Addition of [ 14 C]-labeled TNT to the system resulted in the roots containing 21.3% and the shoots containing 3.8% of the radioactivity. The [ 14 C]TNT in media that contained plants was reduced about 50% compared to media without plants. Trace amounts (0.03%) of the initial [ 14 C]TNT was converted to 14 CO 2 during a 5-d incubation period. The TNT and its metabolites were observed in root and shoot extracts by radiochromatographic analysis. The major TNT metabolites identified were 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. Previous exposure of the plants to TNT did not increase TNT metabolism or prevent reduction of shoot length growth. From these results we concluded that smooth bromegrass is capable of taking up and metabolizing TNT.

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The water resources is a complex coupling system,combined with the human social development and living environment. Water resources optimal allocation plays an important role in supporting the whole sustainable development of national economy in Weinan city as the solution about the shortage of urban water resources .In this paper, we take the urban water supply and the water resources system in Weinan city as the research object, through the analysis of the actual data, analyzing the elements and relationships between systems of urban water supply in Weinan city and the characteristics of the water resources project, adopting optimization theory of dynamic programming principle to build the Weinan city water resources optimization allocation model, and puts forward the method of benefit function to obtain the strategy plan for optimal allocation of water resources in the city.

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A series of international conferences and initiatives, such as the Habitat III New Urban Agenda and UN Sustainable Development Goals, have urged industry, scholars, and policymakers to create an inclusive and sustainable built environment for all in the coming era of cities. Green building schemes, which have been gaining momentum over recent decades, are one of the most influential measures that have been taken to promote urban sustainability. However, due to disciplinary characteristics, most current studies share a techno-engineering focus. Seldom do they answer the question: will green buildings make a difference to the occupants? This paper explains how, and to what extent, green features and design contribute to different dimensions of occupant well-being by conducting a systematic and comprehensive review of current journal articles and industrial reports. It provides an alternative, occupant-oriented perspective to the conventional discourse. A conceptual framework is developed, revealing that green building aspects are linked to six dimensions (three subjective and three objective) of occupant well-being. It further shows how different green features are linked with these dimensions through a detailed examination of the literature. Finally, suggestions are provided based on the research findings for the direction of future green building development and empirical research.