Research findings on the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to physical activity in children and adolescents have been inconsistent, indicating that the relationships between structural elements in the TTM are unclear. We conducted a database search to collect TTM-based cross-sectional studies and used a meta-analysis to explore the relationships between processes of change (POC), self-efficacy (SEI), decisional balance (DBL), and stages of change in children and adolescents. Meta-analysis results of 16 articles showed that physical activity stage changes in children and adolescents were associated with POC, SEI, and DBL, and that POC, SEI, and DBL had distinct stage characteristics. Thus, POC, SEI, and DBL differ in the extent to which they play a role in adjacent stage transitions in the physical activity of children and adolescents. We recommend that stage-matched intervention strategies be developed based on key elements of adjacent stage transitions.

A top notch actual training climate has an indispensable main impetus for the physical and mental improvement of youths and kids and the nature of actual instruction. This paper proposes an assessment file arrangement of actual instruction showing climate in schools and colleges in light of 5G innovation, planning to fabricate an assessment list arrangement of actual training educating in the climate of 5G data innovation in the coordination stage. The technique for this paper is to concentrate on the organization energy effectiveness model, layout a framework model and 5G list demonstrating, and afterward propose a showing climate assessment review and examination strategy. The job of these strategies is to plan sensible assessment norms based on hypothetical examination. It utilizes 5G data innovation and organization effectiveness and lastly constructs a school sports ecological assessment framework. Through the poll overview, this paper comprehends what is going on of actual schooling showing climate in Chinese universities and colleges and tracks down the purposes behind its disparities and issues. This paper develops actual training climate assessment file framework, researches the game climate assessment and actual exercise direction, and afterward proposes actual instruction and assessment framework under 5G innovation. The outcomes show that in the assessment list arrangement of actual instruction showing climate in schools and colleges, the heaviness of material climate is 0.6796, demonstrating that the most dire errand for schools and colleges to further develop the actual training climate is to work on the actual climate.

To explore the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older. Analysis based on 29,466 validated cases in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS 2018). The chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for comparative analysis between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior. Gender and birth cohort differences in the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior were explored based on stratified regression analysis using gender and birth cohort as stratified variables, respectively. Robustness testing based on multiple linear regression analysis using a replacement data approach. There were 8735 cases of smokers among the respondents. After controlling for relevant confounders, there was a significant negative association between physical exercise and smoking behavior among residents [OR 0.718, 95% CI (0.673, 0.765), P < 0.01]. Physical exercise was more significantly associated with smoking behavior among male residents [OR 0.694, 95% CI (0.649, 0.743), P < 0.01], while it was not significantly associated with smoking behavior among female residents [OR 0.901, 95% CI (0.743, 1.093), P > 0.05]. Physical exercise was more significantly associated with smoking behavior in the pre-1948 (OR 0.748), 1959–1968 (OR 0.748), 1969–1978 (OR 0.812), 1989–1998 (OR 0.576) and post-1999 (OR 0.411) birth cohorts, and the association decreased over time and with social change. The results of the robustness test showed that frequency of exercise was significantly and negatively associated with smoking behavior among residents [OR 0.961, 95% CI (0.951, 0.970), P < 0.01]. Physical exercise is negatively associated with smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older, especially among male residents. There is a cohort effect between physical exercise and smoking behavior of the population, that is, the relationship between the two decreases with social change.