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Abstract. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) objective generally focus on providing energizing and comfortable environments for occupants and minimizing the risk of building-related health problems. Living green walls are natural air-filters that creates a cleaner and revitalizing work environment that will lead to better IEQ. The research presented here describes the design (the new concept) of the botanical indoor air biofilter (BIAB) and modelling conducted to determine the effectiveness of the system in reducing the indoor airborne particulate matter levels. The BIAB was also evaluated for its single-pass filtration for particles ranging in diameter from 2.5 to 10 µm along with total suspended particles. The system is comprised of three functional components; a region of vertically grown plants as botanical section, an evaporative cooling pad as cooling section (additional section from a commercial BIAB), and a mechanical ventilation system that supply cool filtered air to surrounding. The complete system recorded highest removal efficiencies of 85% for TSP, 75.2% for PM2.5, and 71.9% for PM10. It indicated that with the additional component in the BIAB system (cooling component), it provides enhancement of the particulate removal due to the ability in absorbing the dust particles and filtration dynamics as the polluted air pass through the wetted cooling pad and the light shower of water.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology that uses microorganisms to simultaneously generate bioelectricity while treating wastewater. To further improve the performance of the MFC, it is essential to understand and evaluate the electron transfer mechanism. However, redesigning the electron transfer mechanism of MFCs through an experimental approach is costly and time-consuming. Hence, in this study, a numerical modeling approach is implemented through the Nernst-Monod kinetic equation, which is validated by experimental results. A nanowire conductive transferring pathway is considered between the microorganisms and anode electrodes of a batch-type MFC. Moreover, two types of bacteria are utilized such as the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella putrefacient with substrate concentrations of 0.5 M sodium lactate. The results have shown that the limiting current density of the MFC from the computational model is 1514 mA m À2 . On the other